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Cited by 174Disability Education and EmploymentAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchEmployment and Welfare Studies

Predictors of employment status among adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Ohl, Alisha, Grice Sheff, Mira, Small, Sarah, Nguyen, Jamie, Paskor, Kelly, Zanjirian, Aliza·2017·Work
DOI 10.3233/wor-172492
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the United States, adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment in relation to adults with other disabilities and the general population. Yet there is little research examining their employment experiences and the predictors of employment status. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the employment characteristics and histories of both employed and unemployed adults with ASD, and the factors that contributed to their employment status. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used an online survey and the Short Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale to gather data. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of employment status and self-reported health. RESULTS: Of the 254 adults with ASD who participated in this study, 61.42% were employed and 38.58% were unemployed. Over half of the participants reported job imbalance on the Short ERI Scale and the vast majority did not receive any job assistance. Participants who disclosed their ASD diagnosis to their employer were more than three times as likely to be employed than those who did not disclose. Education level was also a significant predictor of employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests disability disclosure and education level are factors that contribute to employment status.

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  • These atypical social and communication differences may complicate interactions with neurotypical peers, risking employment participation vulnerabilities in this population, which has an unemployment rate four times higher than that of the general population.

    “These atypical social and communication differences may complicate their interactions with neurotypical peers [9,10,11], risking employment participation vulnerabilities in this population, which has an unemployment rate four times higher than that of the general population [12].”

    From Remote work support needs of employees with autism spectrum disorder in Poland: perspectives of individuals with autism and their coworkers (2022) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Ohl, A., Grice Sheff, M., Small, S., Nguyen, J., Paskor, K., & Zanjirian, A.
Affiliations
  • Clarkson University (US)
  • Minnesota Department of Health, Maternal & Child Health Section, MN, USA
  • Holy Name Medical Center (US)
  • New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital (US)
  • New York City Department of Education (US)
ORCID
Venue
Work
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2017-03-14
Volume
56
Issue
2
Pages
345-355
ISSN
  • 1051-9815 (ISSN-L)
  • 1875-9270
DOI
10.3233/wor-172492
OpenAlex
W2589101104
Cited by
174
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3
FWCI
26.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2026-04-21)
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Work (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, employment status, unemployment, underemployment, effort-reward imbalance, disability disclosure, educational attainment, self-reported health, adults with disabilities
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Employment, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Chi-Square Distribution, Logistic Models

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