Employment activities and experiences of adults with high-functioning autism and Asperger’s disorder
Open accessAbstract
There is limited large-scale empirical research into the working lives of adults who have an autism spectrum disorder with no co-occurring intellectual disability. Drawing on data from a national survey, this report describes the employment activities and experiences of 130 adults with Asperger's Disorder (AD) and high functioning autism (HFA) in Australia. Outcome measures include current occupation; occupational skill level and alignment with educational attainment; type of job contract; hours of work; support received to find work; support received in the workplace; and positive and negative experiences of employment. The findings confirm and expand upon existing evidence that adults with AD and HFA, despite their capacity and willingness to work, face significant disadvantages in the labour market and a lack of understanding and support in employment settings.
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Research in the United States suggests that autistic people can struggle to access workplace adjustments.
“Yet, research in the United States (US) suggests that autistic people can struggle to access workplace adjustments [9, 10].”
From Autistic adults’ views and experiences of requesting and receiving workplace adjustments in the UK (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
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Anderson, A. H., Stephenson, J., & Carter, M. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04386-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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North, G. (2021) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2021.1971065 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jamin, A., Gbadamosi, G., & Stoyanova-Bozhkova, S. (2024) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-05-2023-0581 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brief Report: Screening Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder for Anxiety and Depression
Nah, Y., Brewer, N., Young, R. L., & Flower, R. L. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3427-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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Hilton, C. L., Ratcliff, K., Collins, D. M., Flanagan, J. E., & Hong, I. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2097 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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Payne, K.-L., Russell, A., Mills, R., Maras, K., Rai, D., & Brosnan, M. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04119-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Waisman-Nitzan, M., Schreuer, N., & Gal, E. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101643 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Autistic Adults’ Experiences of Diagnosis Disclosure
Huang, Y., Hwang, Y., Arnold, S. R. C., Lawson, L., Richdale, A., & Trollor, J. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05384-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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Crompton, C. J., Foster, S. J., Wilks, C. E. H., Dodd, M., Efthimiou, T. N., Ropar, D., Sasson, N. J., Lages, M., & Fletcher‐Watson, S. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02163-z · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Anderson, A. H., Carter, M., & Stephenson, J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04259-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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Diener, M. L., Wright, C. A., Taylor, C., D’Astous, V., & Lasrich, L. (2020) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203268 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Friendship Questionnaire, autism, and gender differences: a study revisited
Sedgewick, F., Leppänen, J., & Tchanturia, K. (2019) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-019-0295-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baldwin, S., Costley, D., & Warren, A.
- Corresponding author
- Costley, Debra
- ORCID
- Costley, Debra
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2014-04-09
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2440-2449
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1980367882
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 43.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- high-functioning autism, Asperger syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, adult employment, labor force participation, vocational skills, educational attainment, employment contracts, working hours, employment support, workplace support, work experience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia, Autistic Disorder, Educational Status, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Occupations, Social Support, Needs Assessment, Asperger Syndrome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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