Chromatin regulators, phenotypic robustness, and autism risk
Open accessAbstract
Though extensively characterized clinically, the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain a mystery. ASD is known to have a strong genetic basis, but it is genetically very heterogeneous. Recent studies have estimated that de novo disruptive mutations in hundreds of genes may contribute to ASD. However, it is unclear how it is possible for mutations in so many different genes to contribute to ASD. Recent findings suggest that many of the mutations disrupt genes involved in transcription regulation that are expressed prenatally in the developing brain. De novo disruptive mutations are also more frequent in girls with ASD, despite the fact that ASD is more prevalent in boys. In this paper, we hypothesize that loss of robustness may contribute to ASD. Loss of phenotypic robustness may be caused by mutations that disrupt capacitors that operate in the developing brain. This may lead to the release of cryptic genetic variation that contributes to ASD. Reduced robustness is consistent with the observed variability in expressivity and incomplete penetrance. It is also consistent with the hypothesis that the development of the female brain is more robust, and it may explain the higher rate and severity of disruptive de novo mutations in girls with ASD.
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Natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations, so typical development occurs along a track.
“We frame this issue using the concept of developmental canalization88, whereby natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations89,90: typical development occurs along a ‘track’ (FIG. 1c).”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Suliman, R., Ben-David, E., & Shifman, S.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Shifman, Sagiv
- ORCID
- Shifman, Sagiv
- Venue
- Frontiers in Genetics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-04-10
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 81-81
- ISSN
- 1664-8021 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3989700
- OpenAlex
- W2067547629
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Simons Foundation
- Legacy Heritage Fund
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, phenotypic robustness, chromatin regulators, transcriptional regulation, genetic heterogeneity, cryptic genetic variation, penetrance, fetal brain development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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