Cited by 145Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersBioinformatics and Genomic Networks

Networks of Neuronal Genes Affected by Common and Rare Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Ben-David, Eyal, Shifman, Sagiv·2012·PLoS Genetics

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Recent studies have reported rare and de novo mutations in ASD, but the allelic architecture of ASD remains unclear. To assess the role of common and rare variations in ASD, we constructed a gene co-expression network based on a widespread survey of gene expression in the human brain. We identified modules associated with specific cell types and processes. By integrating known rare mutations and the results of an ASD genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified two neuronal modules that are perturbed by both rare and common variations. These modules contain highly connected genes that are involved in synaptic and neuronal plasticity and that are expressed in areas associated with learning and memory and sensory perception. The enrichment of common risk variants was replicated in two additional samples which include both simplex and multiplex families. An analysis of the combined contribution of common variants in the neuronal modules revealed a polygenic component to the risk of ASD. The results of this study point toward contribution of minor and major perturbations in the two sub-networks of neuronal genes to ASD risk.

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  • The first study to map risk genes onto transcriptional networks identified co-expression modules with cell type-specific and region-specific expression patterns using nearly 1,000 adult brain regions, and identified neuronal gene-enriched modules containing ASD candidate genes and ASD GWAS signals.

    “The first study to do this identified co-expression modules that had cell type-specific and region-specific expression patterns using nearly 1,000 adult brain regions12,109, and identified neuronal gene-enriched modules containing ASD candidate genes and ASD GWAS signals.”
  • That study found genes in these modules have dynamic developmental trajectories, demonstrating a role for ASD risk genes in neural development.

    “Moreover, this study found that genes in these modules have dynamic developmental trajectories, demonstrating a role for ASD risk genes in neural development.”
  • Gene network analyses can aid in understanding genetic association studies.

    “As shown by multiple studies, gene network analyses can aid in understanding genetic association studies.”
  • Grouping genetic findings using disease- and tissue-relevant modules can increase power to detect genetic associations by combining signals reflecting similar biology while informing mechanism by functionally annotating genetic findings.

    “Grouping genetic findings using disease- and tissue-relevant modules can increase the power to detect genetic associations with disease by combining signals that reflect similar underlying biology while simultaneously informing biological mechanism by functionally annotating genetic findings30,109,122,183.”
  • Many studies of complex neuropsychiatric disorders have concluded that disease-causing variants are often clustered in protein-interaction networks with a high degree of connectivity among themselves and that these clustered networks are often enriched with functional pathways relevant to brain functions.

    “Many studies of complex neuropsychiatric disorders have also concluded that disease-causing variants are often clustered in protein-interaction networks with a high degree of connectivity among themselves and that these clustered networks are often enriched with functional pathways relevant to brain functions [72–80].”

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Authors
Ben-David, E., & Shifman, S.
Affiliations
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Corresponding author
Shifman, Sagiv
Venue
PLoS Genetics
Published
2012-03-08
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
e1002556
ISSN
  • 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
  • 1553-7404
OpenAlex
W2129185980
Cited by
145
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
FWCI
10.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Autism Speaks
  • Legacy Heritage Fund
  • Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
  • Israel Science Foundation
  • University of California, Los Angeles
  • National Institute of Mental Health (U24MH081810)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, gene co-expression network, neuronal genes, rare variants, common genetic variants, de novo mutations, synaptic plasticity, neuroplasticity, polygenic risk, brain gene expression
MeSH terms
Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Learning, Memory, Mutation, Nerve Net, Neurons, Polymorphism, Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Chromosome Pairing, Gene Regulatory Networks

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