Depression, Anxiety, and Apathy in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Current Perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important risk state for dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Depression, anxiety, and apathy are commonly observed neuropsychiatric features in MCI, which have been linked to cognitive and functional decline in daily activities, as well as disease progression. Accordingly, the study’s objective is to review the prevalence, neuropsychological characteristics, and conversion rates to dementia between MCI patients with and without depression, anxiety, and apathy. Methods: A PubMed search and critical review were performed relating to studies of MCI, depression, anxiety, and apathy. Results: MCI patients have a high prevalence of depression/anxiety/apathy; furthermore, patients with MCI and concomitant depression/anxiety/apathy have more pronounced cognitive deficits and progress more often to dementia than MCI patients without depression/anxiety/apathy. Conclusions and implications: Depression, anxiety, and apathy are common in MCI and represent possible risk factors for cognitive decline and progression to dementia. Further studies are needed to better understand the role and neurobiology of depression, anxiety, and apathy in MCI.
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Cognitive decline encompasses mental health conditions like anxiety.
“Cognitive decline encompasses mental health conditions like anxiety [45,46].”
From The Effect of Anxiety and Nutritional Habits on the Body Distortion of Athletes. (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The “Psychological Symptoms in MCI” section (page not provided) says anxiety and other psychological symptoms often accompany mild cognitive impairment. The “Anxiety: Another Important Symptom” section also describes anxiety as a possible marker of incipient cognitive decline. Neither passage says anxiety is itself encompassed by cognitive decline; the paper distinguishes the symptoms from cognitive impairment. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExperiential avoidance has been associated with anxiety.
“Experiential avoidance seeks to control the way or frequency of aversive private experiences [37] and has been associated with anxiety [38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54].”
From The Effect of Anxiety and Nutritional Habits on the Body Distortion of Athletes. (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The section “Anxiety: Another Important Symptom” discusses anxiety in mild cognitive impairment and its associations with cognition, depression, and progression to Alzheimer’s disease. It does not address experiential avoidance or an association between experiential avoidance and anxiety; searches for “experiential avoidance” and “avoidance of aversive private experiences” found no relevant passage in our copy. No page number was provided for the section. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Ma, L.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Lina
- ORCID
- Ma, Lina
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-01-30
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 9-9
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7002324
- OpenAlex
- W3004098102
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2018YFC2002100, 81600927)
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, apathy, neuropsychiatric symptoms, conversion to dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, risk factors, prevalence
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