Cited by 65Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and SignalingNeurological disorders and treatments

Vulnerability of mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease

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González-Hernández, Tomás·2010·Frontiers in Neuroanatomy

Abstract

The term vulnerability was first associated with the midbrain dopaminergic neurons 85 years ago, before they were identified as monoaminergic neurons, when Foix and Nicolesco (1925) reported the loss of neuromelanin containing neurons in the midbrain of patients with post-encephalitic Parkinson's disease (PD). A few years later, Hassler (1938) showed that degeneration is more intense in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra compacta than in its dorsal tier and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), outlining the concept of differential vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic (DA-) neurons. Nowadays, we know that other neuronal groups degenerate in PD, but the massive loss of nigral DA-cells is its pathological hallmark, having a pivotal position in the pathophysiology of the disease as it is responsible for the motor symptoms. Data from humans as well as cellular and animal models indicate that DA-cell degeneration is a complex process, probably precipitated by the convergence of different risk factors, mediated by oxidative stress, and involving pathogenic factors arising within the DA-neuron (intrinsic factors), and from its environment and distant interconnected brain regions (extrinsic factors). In light of current data, intrinsic factors seem to be preferentially involved in the first steps of the degenerative process, and extrinsic factors in its progression. A controversial issue is the relative weight of the impairment of common cell functions, such as energy metabolism and proteostasis, and specific dopaminergic functions, such as pacemaking activity and DA handling, in the pathogenesis of DA-cell degeneration. Here we will review the current knowledge about the relevance of these factors at the beginning and during the progression of PD, and in the differential vulnerability of midbrain DA-cells.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fnana.2010.00140

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  • Death of SNc dopamine neurons is more pronounced than death of other midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.

    “Although dopaminergic neurons throughout the midbrain degenerate during Parkinson’s disease, death of SNc dopamine neurons is more pronounced (Gonzalez-Hernandez et al., 2010).”

    From Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia (2017) · cites this paper as Gonzalez-Hernandez et al., 2010

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  1. Przedborski S. Jackson-Lewis V. (1998). Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity. Mov. Disord. 13 (Suppl. 1), 35– 38 9613716

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Authors
González-Hernández, T.
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
Published
2010
Volume
4
Pages
140-140
ISSN
1662-5129 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2123571361
Cited by
65
References
263
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 11
FWCI
3.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud
  • Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
  • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area, oxidative stress, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, energy metabolism, proteostasis

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