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Cited by 919Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism: a review and future directions

Bauman, Margaret L., Kemper, Thomas L.·2005·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006
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Abstract

Infantile autism is a behaviorally defined disorder associated with characteristic cognitive, language and behavioral features. Several postmortem studies have highlighted areas of anatomic abnormality in the autistic brain. Consistent findings have been observed in the limbic system, cerebellum and related inferior olive. In the limbic system, the hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal cortex have shown small cell size and increased cell packing density at all ages, suggesting a pattern consistent with development curtailment. Findings in the cerebellum have included significantly reduced numbers of Purkinje cells, primarily in the posterior inferior regions of the hemispheres. A different pattern of change has been noted in the vertical limb of the diagonal band of broca, cerebellar nuclei and inferior olive with plentiful and abnormally enlarged neurons in the brains of young autistic subjects, and in adult autistic brains, small, pale neurons that are reduced in number. These findings combined with reported age‐related changes in brain weight and volume, have raised the possibility that the neuropathology of autism may represent an on‐going process.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006

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35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The most frequently reported cerebellar anomalies in autism include smaller vermis volume, Purkinje cell numbers reduced by up to 50%, ectopic neurons in white matter, and patchy cytoarchitectonic ectopias in cerebellar cortex.

    “The anomalies most frequently reported include a smaller vermis volume, Purkinje cell numbers reduced by up to 50%, ectopic neurons in the white matter, and patchy cytoarchitectonic ectopias in the cerebellar cortex [32, 33, 118, 228, 229].”

    From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [118]

  • Other brain regions in autism display abnormalities generally resulting from reduced programmed cell death and/or increased cell proliferation, altered cell migration, and abnormal cell differentiation with reduced neuronal size and abnormal wiring.

    “Other brain regions also display abnormalities generally resulting from reduced programmed cell death and/or increased cell proliferation, altered cell migration, and abnormal cell differentiation with reduced neuronal size and abnormal wiring [118, 230].”

    From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [118]

  • There is currently no reliable biomarker, pathology, anatomical finding, or functional neuroimaging change that is pathognomonic or predictive for ASD.

    “There is currently no reliable biomarker, pathology, anatomical finding, or functional neuroimaging change that can be considered pathognomonic or predictive for ASD (Anagnostou and Taylor, 2011; Bauman and Kemper, 2005; Courchesne et al., 2007; Lord et al., 2000a).”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Bauman and Kemper, 2005

  • Little is known about the neurological basis of ASD, and many brain regions and circuits have been implicated.

    “Remarkably little is known about the neurological basis of ASD, and many brain regions and circuits have been implicated in ASD (Amaral et al., 2008; Anagnostou and Taylor, 2011; Bauman and Kemper, 2005; Courchesne et al., 2007).”

    From Modeling Autism by SHANK Gene Mutations in Mice (2013) · cites this paper as Bauman and Kemper, 2005

  • Reduced growth of neuronal cell size and dendritic arbors in ASD postmortem cases have long been reported and are now recognized as an important neuropathological attribute of ASD cortex; neuron size reduction varies from −4% in occipital to −18% in prefrontal cortex.

    “Reduced growth of neuronal cell size and dendritic arbors in ASD postmortem cases have long been reported [25, 52] and are now recognized as an important neuropathological attribute of ASD cortex [46]; neuron size reduction varies from −4% in occipital to −18% in prefrontal cortex [24, 40, 53].”

    From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [25]

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Authors
Bauman, M. L., & Kemper, T. L.
Affiliations
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Bauman, Margaret L.
ORCID
Bauman, Margaret L.
Venue
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-02-23
Volume
23
Issue
2-3
Pages
183-187
ISSN
  • 0736-5748 (ISSN-L)
  • 1873-474X
DOI
10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006
OpenAlex
W2144696231
Cited by
919
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 71
FWCI
3.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, infantile autism, neuropathology, postmortem brain studies, limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, cerebellum, Purkinje cells, inferior olive, diagonal band of Broca, cerebellar nuclei, neuron size, brain volume changes
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Brain, Forecasting, Humans, Neuroanatomy

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