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Microglia signaling in health and disease – Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity

Pramanik, S., Harini Devi, M., Chakrabarty, S., Paylar, B., Pradhan, A., Thaker, M., Ayyadhury, S., Manavalan, A., Olsson, P., Pramanik, G., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

SSRI treatment modifies the effects of maternal inflammation on in utero physiology and offspring neurobiology

Zengeler, K. E., Shapiro, D. A., Bruch, K. R., Lammert, C. R., Ennerfelt, H. E., & Lukens, J. R. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The microglial response to inhibition of Colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor by PLX3397 differs by sex in adult mice

Le, L., Eliseeva, S. I., Plunk, E. C., Kara-Pabani, K., Li, H., Yarovinsky, F., & Majewska, A. K. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115176 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

A consideration of the increased risk of schizophrenia due to prenatal maternal stress, and the possible role of microglia

Mawson, E. R., & MORRIS, B. J. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110773 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Maternal immune response during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A longitudinal approach

Euclydes, V. L. V., Braga, C., Gouveia, G. R., Martinez, R. C. R., Camilo, C., Simões, S. N., Martins, D., Fracolli, L. A., Argeu, A., Ferraro, A. A., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100832 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Ultrastructural features of psychological stress resilience in the brain: a microglial perspective

Ibáñez, F. G., VanderZwaag, J., Deslauriers, J., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.240079 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Synaptic pruning genes networks in Alzheimer’s disease: correlations with neuropathology and cognitive decline

Sanfilippo, C., Castrogiovanni, P., Imbesi, R., Fagone, P., Scuderi, G., Vinciguerra, M., & Rosa, M. D. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01740-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy increases transfer of maternal bloodborne molecules to fetal tissues

Gonzalez-Ricon, R., Otero, A. M., Chalen, I., Savas, J. N., Adetunji, S. A., & Antonson, A. M. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106069 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Maternal immune activation alters temporal Precision of spike generation of CA1 pyramidal neurons by Unbalancing GABAergic inhibition in the Offspring

Griego, E., Cerna, C., Sollozo-Dupont, I., Fuenzalida, M., & Galván, E. J. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Prenatal and postnatal challenges affect the hypothalamic molecular pathways that regulate hormonal levels

Rodriguez‐Zas, S. L., Southey, N. L., Rund, L. A., Antonson, A. M., Nowak, R. A., & Johnson, R. W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292952 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Prenatal drivers of microglia vulnerability in the adult

Tagliatti, E., Bizzotto, M., Morini, R., Filipello, F., Rasile, M., & Matteoli, M. (2024) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13418 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Female mice exhibit similar long-term plasticity and microglial properties between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal poles

Felice, E. D., Bobotis, B. C., Rigillo, G., Khakpour, M., de Andrade, E. G., Benatti, C., Vilella, A., Tascedda, F., Limatola, C., Tremblay, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.034 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Disruption of Alternative Splicing in the Amygdala of Pigs Exposed to Maternal Immune Activation

Southey, B. R., Keever-Keigher, M. R., Rymut, H. E., Rund, L. A., Johnson, R. W., & Rodriguez‐Zas, S. L. (2021) · Immuno · doi:10.3390/immuno1040035 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Deletion of the X-chromosomal gene Kdm6a in microglia of female mice ameliorates neuroinflammation and restores translatome profiles

Itoh, Y., Itoh, N., Wendin, S., Higgins, N., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adq3401 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The Importance of Including Maternal Immune Activation in Animal Models of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy

Collins, B., Lemanski, E. A., & Wright-Jin, E. C. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12112559 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories

Raju, R. M., & Smith, C. J. W. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02162-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Sex-dependent gene expression during puberty has potential mechanistic implications for the development of major depressive disorder

Li, Z., Kruck, G., Thng, G., & Nagy, C. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.05.023 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Vagus nerve stimulation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for maternal immune activation-induced alterations in offspring microglia and neurodevelopment

Gargus, M., Poyhia, L., Errico, J. P., Rogers, M. K. N., & Tremblay, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1827714 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Impact of Maternal Immune Activation Early in Pregnancy on Brain Development of Offspring: A Combined Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Behavioral StudyPreprint

Cupo, L., Guma, E., Gallino, D., Mar, K., Fowler, C., Dehghani, M., Near, J., Devenyi, G. A., & Chakravarty, M. M. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0136.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment

Stojanovic, M., & Bognar, S. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1465023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Early life behavioral deficits and microglia remodeling in the mesocorticolimbic system precede the emergence of Schizophrenia-like symptoms

Rodrigues‐Neves, A. C., Monteiro, J., Coimbra, B., Gaspar, R., Domingues, V., Soares‐Cunha, C., Patrício, P., Pereira, M. I., Cardoso, A. L., Pinto, L., et al. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.06.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Developmental analysis of visually evoked defensive behavior identifies age and sex-specific responses and underlying synaptic and glia changes

Albrecht, G. L., Ramirez, R., Moradpour, D., Mar, J. S., Fortes, R. C., McGregor, M. A., Raghuraman, V., & Farhy-Tselnicker, I. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113997 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Paternal high molecular weight poly I:C administration alters the sperm small non-coding RNA profile and offspring brain development and behavioural phenotype

van de Garde, N., Meng, Q., Dontamsetti, G., Kiridena, P., Lü, D., Masson, B. A., Adithya, P., Liao, H., Reisinger, S. N., & Hannan, A. J. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106599 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Microglial Response to Inhibition of Colony-Stimulating-Factor-1 Receptor Differs by Sex in Adult MicePreprint

Le, L., Eliseeva, S. I., Kara-Pabani, K., Li, H., Yarovinsky, F., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4795163

Lcn2 deficiency leads to social impairments independent of maternal immune activationPreprint

Pękała, M., Zawiślak, S., Romanis, S., Nader, K., Cabaj, A., Madecka, A., Puścian, A., Knapska, E., Pawlak, R., Kaczmarek, L., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661499

Five differentially expressed proteins identified to serve as potential blood biomarkers for schizophrenia screening based on proteomics

Li, R., Fu, X., Li, C., Yuan, L., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Fang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, G., & Du, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1697383

Lcn2 deficiency leads to long-lasting social impairments independent of maternal immune activation

Pekala, M., Zawiślak, S., Romanis, S., Nader, K., Dzwonek, J., Cabaj, A., Madecka, A., Puścian, A., Knapska, E., Pawlak, R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03742-1

Dissociation Between Genetic Risk and Transcriptional Output in Schizophrenia: A Cross-Tissue Meta-Analysis of CSMD1 and CSMD2 ExpressionPreprint

Boughanmi, M.-E., Leboyer, M., Demily, C., & Rey, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.709827

Adolescent anodal tDCS ameliorates behavioral deficits and microglial abnormalities in a maternal immune activation mouse model of schizophrenia

Shi, J., Pan, Y., Tao, Y., Wang, J., Huang, J., & Liu, W. W. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-026-07051-6

P2X4 Drives Sex-Specific neuroprotection in autoimmune neuroinflammation

Mata, P., Bosch-Juan, M., Luengo-Arias, S., Montilla, A., Astiz, M., Battefeld, A., Carracedo, S., Sánchez‐Gómez, M. V., Matute, C., Pérez‐Samartín, A., et al. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106771

Early IL17A blockade following maternal immune activation prevents behavioral abnormalities, hippocampal synaptic changes and neuroinflammation in male and female offspring

Spagnuolo, M. S., Macchioni, G., Petecca, N., Petruccioli, G., Magistris, M. D., Palma, F. D., Prisco, M., Cipriani, C., Siracusano, M., Calamandrei, G., et al. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106820

Meta-analysis of brain and blood transcriptional signatures of neuroimmune dysregulation in Schizophrenia: convergent evidence for excessive complement system activity and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis disruption

Boughanmi, M.-E., Lespine, L., Leboyer, M., Demily, C., & Rey, R. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106865

Maternal immune activation induces sex-dependent metabolic, epigenetic and GABAergic trajectories in the hippocampus

McEwan, F., Santo, J. D., Kambara, C., Tarrat-Castells, M., Woods, R. M., Harte, M., Glazier, J. D., & Hager, R. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106895

Maternal Immune Activation Leads to Lasting Sex-Specific Changes in Behavior and Hippocampal Morphological and Molecular Features in 12-Month-Old Rat Offspring

Sentyabreva, A. V., Lyamtsev, A. S., Melnikova, E. A., Aliper, G. M., & Kosyreva, A. M. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27188222

Prenatal Stress Induced by Maternal Immune Activation Disrupts GABAergic Inhibition and Mossy Fiber Plasticity in the Rat Dentate Gyrus‐CA3 Circuit

Anguiano-Buenfil, J., Sollozo-Dupont, I., Márquez, L. A., Zepeda, A., & Galván, E. J. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70132

Hyperexcitable but seizure-free: hippocampal network dysfunction in a Wolfram syndrome modelPreprint

Ahmadi, S., Pinera, J. G., Dokholyan, S., Sauerbeck, A. D., Phan, H. N., Carman, B., Debnath, A., Brunwasser, S., Skinner, G., Rensing, N. R., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.27.754840

116. Sex differences in microglial morphology and number: Implications for function and behavior

Hanamsagar, R. M., Schwarz, J. M., Williamson, L., & Bilbo, S. D. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.136

Prenatal Immune Challenge in Mice Leads to Partly Sex-Dependent Behavioral, Microglial, and Molecular Abnormalities Associated with Schizophrenia

Hui, C. W., St-Pierre, A., Hajj, H. E., Remy, Y., Hébert, S. S., Luheshi, G. N., Srivastava, L. K., & Tremblay, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00013 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Maternal immune activation causes sex-specific impairment of microglial function during prefrontal cortex development

Liu, C., Li, T., Ji, J.-J., Li, Z., Samsom, J., Liu, K., Lu, Q., Zhu, W., & Liu, F. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106770 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Sexual Dimorphism of Microglia in High Trait Anxiety with a Particular Focus on Synaptic Pruning

Ugursu, B., Sah, A., Sartori, S. B., Kettenmann, H., Singewald, N., & Wolf, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100574

Microglial sex differences in innate high anxiety and modulatory effects of minocycline

Ugursu, B., Sah, A., Sartori, S. B., Popp, O., Mertins, P., Dunay, I. R., Kettenmann, H., Singewald, N., & Wolf, S. A. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.035 · Cited by 13 · see citing works