Grief, Mindfulness and Neural Predictors of Improvement in Family Dementia Caregivers
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: Family dementia caregivers often suffer from an immense toll of grief while caring for their loved ones. We sought to identify the clinical relationship between grief, depression and mindfulness and identify neural predictors of symptomatology and improvement. Methods: 23 family dementia caregivers were assessed at baseline for grief, mindfulness and depression, of which 17 underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During fMRI, caregivers were shown faces of either their dementia-stricken relative or that of a stranger, paired with grief-related or neutral words. In 9 subjects, post fMRI scans were also obtained after four weeks of either guided imagery or relaxation. Robust regression was used to predict changes in symptoms with longitudinal brain activation changes as the dependent variable. Results: Grief and depression symptoms were correlated (r = 0.50, p = .01), and both were negatively correlated with mindfulness (r = -.70, p = .0002; r = -.52, p = .01). Relative to viewing strangers, caregivers shown pictures of their loved ones (picture factor) exhibited increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus. Improvement in grief but not mindfulness or depression was predicted by increased relative brain activation in the precuneus and anterior cingulate (different subregions from baseline). Viewing grief-related vs. neutral words elicited activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus. Conclusions: Caregiver grief, depression and mindfulness are interrelated but have at least partially nonoverlapping neural mechanisms. Picture and word stimuli related to grief evoked brain activity in regions previously identified with bereavement grief. These activation foci might be useful as biomarkers of treatment response.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Studies also have found that mindfulness was negatively related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and grief in family caregivers of PLWD.
“Studies also have found that mindfulness was negatively related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and grief in family caregivers of PLWD”
From The feasibility and preliminary effects of a pilot randomized controlled trial: Videoconferencing acceptance and commitment therapy in distressed family caregivers of people with dementia. (2023) · cites this paper as Jain et al., 2019
The Results, under “Baseline Symptom Correlations” (page unavailable), report negative correlations between mindfulness and both depressive symptoms and grief in family dementia caregivers. The paper does not report corresponding correlations for anxiety or stress; its Introduction discusses anxiety benefits in broader populations and caregiving stressors, but not those claimed relationships. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Argonaute—a database for gene regulation by mammalian microRNAs
Shahi, P., Loukianiouk, S., Bohne-Lang, A., Kenzelmann, M., Küffer, S., Maertens, S., Eils, R., Gröne, H.-J., Gretz, N., & Brors, B. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Res. · doi:10.1093/nar/gkj093 · Cited by 45,811 · see citing works
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910 · see citing works
Modern Applied Statistics with S
Venables, W., & Ripley, B. (2010) · Statisctics and computing/Statistics and computing · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2 · Cited by 16,188 · cited 1× · see citing works
“To relate differences in processing stimuli type to clinical measures, voxel-wise robust linear regression (Venables and Ripley, 2002) was performed in R.”
MethodAFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Figures were created using R, Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI; Cox, 1996) and Adobe Illustrator (Adobe Inc, San Jose, CA, USA). fMRI Analysis All image analysis was conducted using AFNI.”
MethodCaregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures
Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/30.5.583 · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works
Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089134 · Cited by 3,849 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the picture factor comparison might have been due to triggering of a social pain reaction that has been strongly associated with dorsal anterior cingulate function (Eisenberger et al., 2003; Lieberman and Eisenberger, 2015) and which was previously demonstrated to…”
BackgroundThe effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846 · see citing works
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., Ninan, P. T., Kornstein, S., Manber, R., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01866-8 · Cited by 3,829 · see citing works
Carnall, D. (2000) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7228.194/a · Cited by 2,938
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107313003 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
Depression in Late Life: Review and Commentary
Blazer, D. G. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.3.m249 · Cited by 2,363 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This may be due to depression symptoms resulting from a multifactorial origin (Blazer, 2003), vs. the more specific nature of the grief experience as tied to the relationship with the loved one and losses entailed by it.”
BackgroundA Common Network of Functional Areas for Attention and Eye Movements
Corbetta, M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Ollinger, J. M., Drury, H. A., Linenweber, M. R., Petersen, S. E., Raichle, M. E., Essen, D. C. V., et al. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80593-0 · Cited by 1,590 · see citing works
Inventory of complicated grief: a scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss.
Prigerson, H. G., Maciejewski, P. K., Reynolds, C. F., Bierhals, A. J., Newsom, J. T., Fasiczka, A., Frank, E., Doman, J., & Miller, M. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02757-2 · Cited by 1,582 · see citing works
Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life.
Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., Bisconti, T. L., & Wallace, K. A. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.730 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., et al. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 · Cited by 1,506 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Davidson, R. J., Wampold, B. E., Kearney, D. J., & Simpson, T. L. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Vӧllm, B., Taylor, A. N. W., Richardson, P., Corcoran, R., Stirling, J., McKie, S., Deakin, J. F. W., & Elliott, R. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.022 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Kuyken, W., Warren, F. C., Taylor, R. S., Whalley, B., Crane, C., Bondolfi, G., Hayes, R., Huijbers, M., Ma, H., Schweizer, S., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0076 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
FMRI Clustering in AFNI: False-Positive Rates Redux
Cox, R., Chen, G., Glen, D., Reynolds, R., & Taylor, P. (2017) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2016.0475 · Cited by 792 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For the regression analyses, the smoothing of the data was accounted for using the average of the spatial auto-correlation function (ACF) parameters from the individual subject’s data (Cox et al., 2017).”
MethodThe cerebellum: adaptive prediction for movement and cognition
Sokolov, A. A., Miall, R. C., & Ivry, R. B. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.02.005 · Cited by 691 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although the reason for this cerebellar activation is unclear, clinical, lesion and neuroimaging studies have converged on a role for the cerebellum in cognitive and affective control (Sokolov et al., 2017; Hoche et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome scale
Hoche, F., Guell, X., Vangel, M. G., Sherman, J. C., & Schmahmann, J. D. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx317 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Being with virtual others: Neural correlates of social interaction
Schilbach, L., Wohlschlaeger, A. M., Kraemer, N., Newen, A., Shah, N. J., Fink, G. R., & Vogeley, K. T. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.017 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
A new method for improving functional-to-structural MRI alignment using local Pearson correlation
Saad, Z. S., Glen, D. R., Chen, G., Beauchamp, M. S., Desai, R., & Cox, R. W. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.037 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Social and emotional attachment in the neural representation of faces
Ida Gobbini, M., Leibenluft, E., Santiago, N., & Haxby, J. V. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.049 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Functional Neuroanatomy of Grief: An fMRI Study
Gündel, H., O’Connor, M.-F., Littrell, L., Fort, C., & Lane, R. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1946 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Increased sensitivity in neuroimaging analyses using robust regression
Wager, T. D., Keller, M. C., Lacey, S. C., & Jonides, J. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.011 · Cited by 283 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Robust regression is inherently more conservative and resistant to the presence of outliers in data (Huber, 1964) and as such has been recommended for use in neuroimaging data (Wager et al., 2005).”
BackgroundA comprehensive, stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving.
Meuser, T., & Marwit, S. J. (2001) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.5.658 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Crow, E., & Siddiqui, M. (1967) · doi:10.1080/01621459.1967.10482914 · Cited by 272 · cited 1×
“Robust regression is inherently more conservative and resistant to the presence of outliers in data (Huber, 1964) and as such has been recommended for use in neuroimaging data (Wager et al.”
MethodMindfulness-based stress reduction for family caregivers: a randomized controlled trial.
Whitebird, R. R., Kreitzer, M., Crain, A. L., Lewis, B. A., Hanson, L. R., & Enstad, C. J. (2013) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns126 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Grief reactions in dementia carers: a systematic review
Chan, D., Livingston, G., Jones, L., & Sampson, E. L. (2013) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3795 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Lieberman, M. D., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1515083112 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Pilot Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Education for Dementia Caregivers
Oken, B. S., Fonareva, I., Haas, M., Wahbeh, H., Lane, J. B., Zajdel, D., & Amen, A. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0733 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Neural correlates of focused attention during a brief mindfulness induction
Dickenson, J., Berkman, E. T., Arch, J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss030 · Cited by 224 · cited 1× · see citing works
“previously associated with mindfulness of breathing (Dickenson et al., 2013), and attention (Corbetta et al.”
BackgroundKim, H. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.025 · Cited by 220 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In the word factor comparison, activation of major nodes of the default mode network, the precuneus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Kim, 2012), might be related to evocation of losses related to the loved one’s illness.”
BackgroundNeural correlates of training-related working-memory gains in old age
Brehmer, Y., Rieckmann, A., Bellander, M., Westerberg, H., Fischer, H., & Bäckman, L. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.079 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The impact of anticipatory grief on caregiver burden in dementia caregivers.
Holley, C. K., & Mast, B. (2009) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnp061 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Dementia grief: A theoretical model of a unique grief experience
Blandin, K., & Pepin, R. L. (2015) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301215581081 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Engen, H. G., & Singer, T. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv008 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The where and how of attention-based rehearsal in spatial working memory
Postle, B. R., Awh, E., Jonides, J. J., SMITH, E. E., & D’Esposito, M. (2004) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.008 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Familiarity matters: A review on prioritized processing of personally familiar faces
Ramon, M., & Gobbini, M. (2018) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2017.1405134 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
DEVELOPMENT OF A SHORT FORM INVENTORY TO ASSESS GRIEF IN CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS
MARWIT, S. J., & MEUSER, T. M. (2005) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180590916335 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Brown, K. W., Coogle, C. L., & Wegelin, J. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1065790 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Pre-death grief in the context of dementia caregiving: a concept analysis.
Lindauer, A., & Harvath, T. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12411 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Collins, R. N., & Kishita, N. (2019) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny024 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Greening, S. G., Osuch, E. A., Williamson, P. C., & Mitchell, D. G. V. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst027 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Loss and Grief among Family Caregivers of Relatives with Dementia
Collins, C., Liken, M., King, S., & Kokinakis, C. (1993) · doi:10.1177/104973239300300206 · Cited by 95 · cited 1×
“Serious grief reactions may also occur prior to death when observing and caring for a loved one afflicted with a serious illness such as dementia, and this type of grief has been termed ‘‘predeath grief’’ (Collins et al., 1993; Lindauer and Harvath, 2014).”
BackgroundThe Medicalization of Bereavement: (Ab)normal Grief in the DSM-5
Bandini, J. I. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.951498 · Cited by 90 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Much research has focused on grief secondary to bereavement (the death of a close attachment), particularly when such grief leads to intense yearning and loneliness (complicated grief) or is associated with an episode of Major Depressive Disorder (Prigerson et al., 1995; Bandini, 2015).”
BackgroundPredictors of Prolonged Grief, Resilience, and Recovery Among Bereaved Spouses
Mancini, A. D., Sinan, B., & Bonanno, G. A. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22224 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mindfulness Improves Emotion Regulation and Executive Control on Bereaved Individuals: An fMRI Study
Huang, F., Hsu, A., Hsu, L.-M., Tsai, J., Huang, C., Chao, Y., Hwang, T., & Wu, C. W. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00541 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Chen, Q. L., & Sun, Y.-Y. (2017) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s146213 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Jain, F. A., Walsh, R. N., Eisendrath, S. J., Christensen, S., & Rael Cahn, B. (2015) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2014.10.007 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationGrief Among Family Members of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Dementia
Givens, J. L., Prigerson, H. G., Kiely, D. K., Shaffer, M. L., & Mitchell, S. L. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820dcbe0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Neural Activation Associated with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation of Sadness in Healthy Children
Belden, A. C., Luby, J., Pagliaccio, D., & Barch, D. (2014) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.02.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Shuter, P., Beattie, E., & Edwards, H. (2014) · American Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Other Dementias · doi:10.1177/1533317513517034 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2017), and with negative health outcomes post death of the CR (Givens et al., 2011; Shuter et al., 2014).”
BackgroundFranco, C., Solà, M. D. M., & Justo, E. (2010) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2010.03.006 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several studies and systematic meta-analyses suggest that such therapies may be beneficial for reducing measures of caregiver depression and burden (Franco et al., 2010; Whitebird et al., 2013; Norouzi et al., 2014; Brown et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017; Collins and Kishita, 2018), although not all…”
BackgroundFeasibility of Central Meditation and Imagery Therapy for dementia caregivers
Jain, F. A., Nazarian, N., & Lavretsky, H. (2014) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4076 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationA Call to the Field: Complicated Grief in the DSM-5
Rando, T. A., Doka, K. J., Fleming, S., Franco, M. H. P., Lobb, E. A., Parkes, C. M., & Steele, R. (2012) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.65.4.a · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Liew, T. M., Yeap, B. I., Koh, G. C., Gandhi, M., Tan, K. S., Luo, N., & Yap, P. L. K. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx097 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Denckla, C. A., Mancini, A., Bornstein, R., & Bonanno, G. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.08.014 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2015), whereas maladaptive dependency traits such as attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety are associated with prolonged grief (Denckla et al., 2011; Mancini et al., 2015).”
BackgroundJain, F. A., & Fonagy, P. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0969-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationMourning, Meaning, and Memory: Individual, Communal, and Cultural Narration of Grief
Neimeyer, R., Klass, D., & Dennis, M. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0308-5_19 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Witthöft, M., Mier, D. U., Ofer, J., Müller, T., Rist, F., Kirsch, P., Bailer, J., & Diener, C. (2013) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000345545 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mier, D., Bailer, J., Ofer, J., Kerstner, T., Zamoscik, V., Rist, F., Witthöft, M., & Diener, C. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.160081 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chan, W. C., Wong, B., Kwok, T., & Ho, F. (2017) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/hlx022 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“High levels of caregiver grief are associated with depression and caregiver strain (Chan et al., 2017), and with negative health outcomes post death of the CR (Givens et al.”
BackgroundA Family Systems Perspective on Loss, Recovery and Resilience
Walsh, F., & McGoldrick, M. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-26222-9_1 · Cited by 19 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Post-bereavement, supportive family and societal mourning processes might bolster the mood of grieving individuals (Walsh and McGoldrick, 1998; Neimeyer et al., 2014) and thus diminish the association of mindfulness with grief.”
BackgroundSikder, A., Yang, F., Schafer, R., Dowling, G., Traeger, L., & Jain, F. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.12850 · Cited by 1 · cited 1×
“Our group has presented preliminary evidence from open-label trials that family dementia caregivers may reduce negative affect and increase positive affect and relationship functioning with guided imagery and mindfulness techniques that specifically focus on mentalizing relational content (Jain et al., 2014; Jain and…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
10 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- O’Connor M. F. Wellisch D. K. Stanton A. L. Eisenberger N. I. Irwin M. R. Lieberman M. D. (2008). Craving love? Enduring grief activates brain’s reward center. Neuroimage 42, 969– 972. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.256 18559294 PMC2553561 · DOI · Paper page
- Sheehan D. V. Lecrubier Y. Sheehan K. H. Amorim P. Janavs J. Weiller E.. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J. Clin. Psychiatry 59, 34– 57. 9881538
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., Gomez, A. F., Curren, L. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101785 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The neurobiological reward system in Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): A systematic review
Kakarala, S. E., Roberts, K. E., Rogers, M., Coats, T., Falzarano, F., Gang, J., Chilov, M., Avery, J., Maciejewski, P. K., Lichtenthal, W. G., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111135 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Han, A. (2022) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/01640275211043486 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…of one’s experience in a non-judgmental and accepting way) is negatively related with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress and positively related with quality of life in family caregivers of PLWD (Baer & Krietemeyer, 2006; Jain et al., 2019; Murfield et al., 2020; Weisman et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSinger, J. B., Roberts, K. E., McLean, E., Fadalla, C., Coats, T., Rogers, M., Wilson, M. K., Godwin, K., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2022) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163221074540 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Han, A., Yuen, H. K., & Jenkins, J. (2023) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053221141131 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Studies also have found that mindfulness was negatively related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and grief in family caregivers of PLWD (Jain et al., 2019; Murfield et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMindfulness in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Molero Jurado, M. D. M., Pérez-Fuentes, M. D. C., Barragán Martín, A. B., Soriano Sánchez, J. G., Oropesa Ruiz, N. F., Sisto, M., & Gázquez Linares, J. J. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8030193 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Reducing Dementia Grief Through Psychosocial Interventions
Rupp, L., Seidel, K., Penger, S., & Haberstroh, J. (2023) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000501 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Festari, C., Bonomini, C., Rosini, S., Gattuso, M., Solorzano, C. S., Zanetti, O. O., Corbo, D., Agnelli, G., Quattrini, G., Ferrari, C., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.6145 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Alonso-Llácer, L., Barreto Martín, P., Ramos-Campos, M., Mesa-Gresa, P., Lacomba-Trejo, L., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2020) · Psicooncologia · doi:10.5209/psic.68244 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Different Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease Caregivers – 5-Year Follow-Up
Välimäki, T. H., Koivisto, A. M., Selander, T. A., Saari, T. T., & Hallikainen, I. T. (2022) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2119183 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“For example, guilt (Corey et al., 2020) and grief (Jain et al., 2019) have been associated with caregiver depressive symptoms.”
BackgroundFrom love to pain: is oxytocin the key to grief complications?
Bottemanne, H., English, I., Bottemanne, L., Torres, P., Beauquier‐Maccotta, B., & Joly, L. (2023) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The nature of grief: implications for the neurobiology of emotion
Ratcliffe, M., & Velasco, P. (2024) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niae041 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Smagula, S. F., & Aizenstein, H. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02457-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“These authors [31] noted that dementia caregivers with higher mindfulness scores had greater brain activation in several regions in the picture condition (seeing care recipient versus stranger pictures).”
BackgroundThirumalai, S., Hutchings, G., Prigerson, H., & Kreicbergs, U. (2026) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2026.108057
Maluleke, S. F., Lephalala, M., & Byrne, D. C. (2026) · Reading & Writing · doi:10.4102/rw.v17i1.604
François, T. L., Hilberdink, C. E., Haelewyn, A., Lehodey, A., Soussi, C., Delarue, M., Hébert, O., Landeau, B., Chételat, G., & Bui, E. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.05.042
Brito, L., Bernardo, A., Leite, Â., & Pereira, M. (2024) · Omega · doi:10.1177/00302228241246417
“It is essential to provide a supportive environment, like family and friends or seek professional help, where caregivers may freely express their emotions (Jain et al., 2019).”
- Authors
- Jain, F. A., Connolly, C. G., Moore, L. C., Leuchter, A. F., Abrams, M., Ben-Yelles, R. W., Chang, S. E., Ramirez Gomez, L. A., Huey, N., Lavretsky, H., & Iacoboni, M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- University of Central Florida (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jain, Felipe A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-05-14
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 155-155
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6530345
- OpenAlex
- W2946499212
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- grief, depression, mindfulness, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, guided imagery, relaxation, treatment response biomarkers, caregiver burden
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
