Neural correlates of training-related working-memory gains in old age
Abstract
Working memory (WM) functioning declines in old age. Due to its impact on many higher-order cognitive functions, investigating whether training can modify WM performance has recently been of great interest. We examined the relationship between behavioral performance and neural activity following five weeks of intensive WM training in 23 healthy older adults (M=63.7 years). 12 participants received adaptive training (i.e. individually adjusted task difficulty to bring individuals to their performance maximum), whereas the others served as active controls (i.e. fixed low-level practice). Brain activity was measured before and after training, using fMRI, while subjects performed a WM task under two difficulty conditions. Although there were no training-related changes in WM during scanning, neocortical brain activity decreased post training and these decreases were larger in the adaptive training group than in the controls under high WM load. This pattern suggests intervention-related increases in neural efficiency. Further, there were disproportionate gains in the adaptive training group in trained as well as in non-trained (i.e. attention, episodic memory) tasks assessed outside the scanner, indicating the efficacy of the training regimen. Critically, the degree of training-related changes in brain activity (i.e. neocortical decreases and subcortical increases) was related to the maximum gain score achieved during the intervention period. This relationship suggests that the decreased activity, but also specific activity increases, observed were functionally relevant.
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Near and far transfer effects were reported only by Brehmer et al. for the PASAT task and by Simon et al. for the Digit Symbol task.
“Near and far transfer effects were reported only by Brehmer et al. [77] for the PASAT task requiring sustained attention and by Simon et al. [78] for the Digit Symbol task requiring psychomotor ability, sustained attention, processing speed and, to a lesser degree, WM.”
From Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging (2022) · cites this paper as [77]
Training difficulty was adaptive in order to maintain activities as a constant challenge.
“Training difficulty was adaptive in order to maintain activities as a constant challenge (Klingberg et al., 2005; Brehmer et al., 2011; Karbach et al., 2015).”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Brehmer et al., 2011
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“Training difficulty was adaptive in order to maintain activities as a constant challenge (Klingberg et al., 2005; Brehmer et al., 2011; Karbach et al., 2015).”
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- Authors
- Brehmer, Y., Rieckmann, A., Bellander, M., Westerberg, H., Fischer, H., & Bäckman, L.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Brehmer, Yvonne
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1110-1120
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007123023
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 18.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research
- Swedish Research Council and Swedish Brain Power
- Alexander von Humboldt Research Award
- af Jochnick Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- working memory, cognitive training, older adults, aging, neural efficiency, adaptive training, subcortical activity, transfer of training, episodic memory, attention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Attention, Behavior, Brain, Cognition, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Practice, Psychological, Psychomotor Performance, Neocortex
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