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Dipy, a library for the analysis of diffusion MRI data
Open accessAbstract
Diffusion Imaging in Python (Dipy) is a free and open source software project for the analysis of data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) experiments. dMRI is an application of MRI that can be used to measure structural features of brain white matter. Many methods have been developed to use dMRI data to model the local configuration of white matter nerve fiber bundles and infer the trajectory of bundles connecting different parts of the brain. Dipy gathers implementations of many different methods in dMRI, including: diffusion signal pre-processing; reconstruction of diffusion distributions in individual voxels; fiber tractography and fiber track post-processing, analysis and visualization. Dipy aims to provide transparent implementations for all the different steps of dMRI analysis with a uniform programming interface. We have implemented classical signal reconstruction techniques, such as the diffusion tensor model and deterministic fiber tractography. In addition, cutting edge novel reconstruction techniques are implemented, such as constrained spherical deconvolution and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) with deconvolution, as well as methods for probabilistic tracking and original methods for tractography clustering. Many additional utility functions are provided to calculate various statistics, informative visualizations, as well as file-handling routines to assist in the development and use of novel techniques. In contrast to many other scientific software projects, Dipy is not being developed by a single research group. Rather, it is an open project that encourages contributions from any scientist/developer through GitHub and open discussions on the project mailing list. Consequently, Dipy today has an international team of contributors, spanning seven different academic institutions in five countries and three continents, which is still growing.
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“In contrast to projects such as DiPy (Garyfallidis et al., 2014) , this library does not provide functionality to manipulate raw image data within Python itself, but provides functionality to invoke and manage external high-performance executables to perform the actual computations.”
From MRtrix3: A fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation (2019) · cites this paper as Garyfallidis et al., 2014
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Cites
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“…median_otsu (see Figure 3 ). from dipy.segment.mask import median_otsu mask, S0_mask = median_otsu(data [:, :, :, 0]) median_otsu uses first a median filter to smooth the S0 and then Otsu’s method, an automated histogram method (Otsu, 1979) to separate the brain (foreground) from its background.”
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Background
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Items 801–900 of 1,000
Lesh, T. A., Bergé, D., Smucny, J., Guo, J. Y., & Carter, C. S. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.014 · Cited by 4
Diff-DTI: Fast Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using A Feature-Enhanced Joint Diffusion Model
Zhang, L., He, J., Li, W., Liang, D., & Zhu, Y. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3523532 · Cited by 4
“For the first uniformly distributed directions, 6 initial directions were randomly selected and the directions were optimized to be as uniformly distributed as possible on the sphere by the charge dispersion algorithm and K-means clustering [37].”
Girard, G., Aydogan, D. B., Dell’Acqua, F., Leemans, A., Descoteaux, M., & Sotiropoulos, S. N. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818894-1.00030-6 · Cited by 4
Self-citationDeep learning-based free-water correction for single-shell diffusion MRI
Yao, T., Archer, D. B., Kanakaraj, P., Newlin, N. R., Bao, S., Moyer, D., Schilling, K. G., Landman, B. A., & Huo, Y. (2025) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2025.110326 · Cited by 4
“The implementation details of the free water DTI model are provided in [20] and made available through the DIPY library (version 1.70) with its default settings [27].”
InfluentialKrishnamurthy, R., Schultz, D. H., Wang, Y., Natarajan, S. K., Barlow, S. M., & Dietsch, A. M. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00294 · Cited by 4
Ex vivo brain MRI to assess conventional and FLASH brain irradiation effects
Jansen, J., Kimbler, A., Drayson, O. G. G., Lanz, B., Mosso, J., Grilj, V., Petit, B., Franco‐Pérez, J., Simon, A. B., Limoli, C. L., et al. (2025) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110894 · Cited by 4
Aquaporin-4 inhibition alters cerebral glucose dynamics predominantly in obese animals: an MRI study
Tirado-García, P., Ferreiro, A., González-Alday, R., Arias‐Ramos, N., Lizarbe, B., & López‐Larrubia, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-99641-1 · Cited by 4
“DTI and T 2 *WI of each mouse were processed using Resomapper, a home-made software based on Dipy 58 .”
Navigator‐free multi‐shot diffusion MRI via non‐local low‐rank reconstruction
Dong, Y., Ye, X., Li, C., van Osch, M. J. P., & Börnert, P. (2025) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.30554 · Cited by 4
Dictionary Based Super-Resolution for Diffusion MRI
Yoldemir, B., Bajammal, M., & Rafeef Abugharbieh, A. (2014) · Mathematics and visualization · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11182-7_18 · Cited by 4
Hong, H., Yu, X., Zhang, R., Jiaerken, Y., Wang, S., Luo, X., Lou, M., Huang, P., & Zhang, M. (2021) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-20-880 · Cited by 4
Brain Tissue Microstructure Characterization Using dMRI Based Autoencoder Neural-Networks
Zucchelli, M., Deslauriers‐Gauthier, S., & Rachid Deriche, B. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87615-9_5 · Cited by 4
Modular community structure of the face network supports face recognition
Levakov, G., Sporns, O., & Avidan, G. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab458 · Cited by 4
Mapping the impact of nonlinear gradient fields with noise on diffusion MRI
Kanakaraj, P., Cai, L. Y., Rheault, F., Yeh, F.-C. F., Rogers, B. P., Schilling, K. G., & Landman, B. A. (2023) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2023.01.004 · Cited by 4
Wang, N. C., Gagnon-Bartsch, J. A., Srinivasan, A., Kim, M. M., Noll, D. C., & Rao, A. U. K. (2023) · Neuroscience Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.neuri.2023.100116 · Cited by 4
Feng, Y., Chandio, B. Q., Chattopadhyay, T., Thomopoulos, S. I., Owens‐Walton, C., Jahanshad, N., Garyfallidis, E., & Thompson, P. M. (2023) · International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis (SIPAIM) · doi:10.1117/12.2670244 · Cited by 4
Self-citationCombining Image Space and q-Space PDEs for Lossless Compression of Diffusion MR Images
Jumakulyyev, I., & Schultz, T. (2023) · Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision · doi:10.1007/s10851-023-01144-z · Cited by 4
Feng, Y., Chandio, B. Q., Villalón‐Reina, J. E., Benavidez, S. M., Chattopadhyay, T., Chehrzadeh, S., Laltoo, E., Thomopoulos, S. I., Joshi, H., Venkatasubramanian, G., et al. (2024) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781681 · Cited by 4
“Constrained spherical deconvolution [33] and deterministic tracking [34] were used to generate WBTs.”
Pretraining Improves Deep Learning Based Tissue Microstructure Estimation
Li, Y., Yu, Q., Liu, Z., & Ye, C. (2021) · Mathematics and visualization · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73018-5_14 · Cited by 4
Testa, C. M., Evangelisti, S., Popeo, M., Zanigni, S., Gramegna, L. L., Fantazzini, P., Tonon, C., Manners, D. N., & Lodi, R. (2016) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-016-0600-1 · Cited by 4
Cleaning output of tractography via fiber to bundle coherence, a new open source implementation
Meesters, S., Sanguinetti, G., Garyfallidis, E., Portegies, J. M., Ossenblok, P., & Duits, R. (2016) · TU/e Research Portal · Cited by 4
Self-citationTricot, B., Descoteaux, M., Dumont, M., Chagnon, F., Tremblay, L., Carpentier, A. C., Lesur, O., Lepage, M., & Lalande, A. (2017) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-017-0236-2 · Cited by 4
“Finally, due to the Rician noise nature of cardiac MR images, the last technique that we tested was the non-local means approach with Rician bias correction [10] implemented in Dipy [11].”
MethodSelf-citationA geometric framework for ensemble average propagator reconstruction from diffusion MRI
Vemuri, B. C., Sun, J., Banerjee, M., Pan, Z., Turner, S. M. F., Fuller, D. D., Forder, J. R., & Entezari, A. (2019) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.06.012 · Cited by 4
Advanced quantitative evaluation of PET systems using the ACR phantom and NiftyPET software
Markiewicz, P. J., da Costa-Luis, C. O., Dickson, J. C., Barnes, A., Krokos, G., Mackewn, J. E., Clark, T., Wimberley, C., Macnaught, G., Yaqub, M. M., et al. (2022) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/mp.15596 · Cited by 4
“The rigid-body registration was performed using the open-source Python package DIPY 25 with the mutual information as a similarity metric and multiresolution strategy using a Gaussian pyramid (using standard deviations of 3.0, 1.0, and 0.0, with 10 000, 1 000, and 100 iterations for the three…”
InfluentialA population-based atlas of the human pyramidal tract in 410 healthy participantsPreprint
Chenot, Q., Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N., Rheault, F., Descoteaux, M., Crivello, F., Zago, L., Mellet, E., Jobard, G., Joliot, M., Mazoyer, B. M., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/251108 · Cited by 4
Self-citationCanales-Rodríguez, E. J., Daducci, A., Sotiropoulos, S. N., Caruyer, E., Aja‐Fernández, S., Raduà, J., Mendizabal, Y. Y., Iturria‐Medina, Y., Melie‐García, L., Alemán‐Gómez, Y., et al. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 4
Data-driven subtyping of executive function related behavioural problems in childrenPreprint
Bathelt, J., Holmes, J., the CALM team, & Astle, D. E. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/158949 · Cited by 4
Advantages of Multi-shell Diffusion for Studies of Brain Development in YouthPreprint
Pines, A. R., Cieslak, M., Baum, G. L., Cook, P. A., Adebimpe, A., Dávila, D. G., Elliott, M. A., Jirsaraie, R. J., Murtha, K. A., Oathes, D. J., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/611590 · Cited by 4
“We conducted model fitting and generated RTOP, RTAP, and RTPP with dipy, an open-source diffusion imaging toolbox in Python (Fick et al., 2016; Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
MethodMushtaha, F. N., Kuehn, T. K., El-Deeb, O., Rohani, S. A., Helpard, L. W., Moore, J., Ladak, H., Moehring, A. J., Baron, C. A., & Khan, A. R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185397 · Cited by 4
“For every resulting diffusion-weighted image, DiPy (27) was used to compute diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics with a weighted ordinary least squares approach (28) at each voxel in an ROI manually drawn to avoid air bubbles in the phantoms.”
MethodSocio-economic disadvantage is associated with alterations in brain wiring economyPreprint
Šiugždaitė, R., Akarca, D., Johnson, A., Carozza, S., Anwyl-Irvine, A. L., Uh, S., Smith, T. A., Bignardi, G., Dalmaijer, E. S., & Astle, D. E. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495247 · Cited by 4
Tanner, J., Faskowitz, J., Teixeira, A. S., Seguin, C., Coletta, L., Gozzi, A., Mišić, B., & Betzel, R. F. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.19.519033 · Cited by 4
“The Dipy toolbox (version 1.1) [108] was used to fit a multi-shell multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution [109] to the data with a spherical harmonics order of 8, using tissue maps estimated with FSL’s fast [110].”
MethodInfluentialEfficient PCA denoising of spatially correlated MRI dataPreprint
Henriques, R. N., Ianuș, A., Novello, L., Jovicich, J., Jespersen, S. N., & Shemesh, N. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.29.534707 · Cited by 4
“This phantom was sub-divided into 9 portions (4×4 voxel regions each) and diffusion-weighted signals were generated using the Diffusion in Python (DIPY (Garyfallidis et al., 2014; Henriques et al., 2021)) package according to a forward model containing two well-aligned axially symmetric diffusion tensors.”
MethodLiu, Y., Chen, Y., Duffy, C. R., VanLeuven, A. J., Byers, J. B., Schriever, H. C., Ball, R., Carpenter, J. M., Gunderson, C. E., Filipov, N. M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.612511 · Cited by 4
“We apply the non-rigid image registration method (Garyfallidis et al., 2014) to segment these ROIs in our data and extract the signal of each ROI by taking the average of the image intensity in each ROI’s region.”
MethodCieslak, M., Irfanoglu, M. O., Meisler, S. L., Salo, T., Raikes, A. C., Cook, P. A., Chung, A. W., Lee, E. G., Li, R., Li, X., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687672 · Cited by 4
Cerebellar microstructural abnormalities in patients with somatic symptom disorders
Tang, W., Zhang, C., Qi, Y., Zhou, Q., Li, H., Shen, X.-H., Liu, L., Wang, W., Liu, J., & Du, X. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06642-5 · Cited by 5
“In this study, the free water exclusion diffusion tensor model of dipy software [35].”
White-Matter Connectivity and General Movements in Infants with Perinatal Brain Injury
Sutter, E. N., Guerrero-Gonzalez, J. M., Casey, C., Dean, D., Gouvea, A. E., Peyton, C., McAdams, R. M., & Gillick, B. T. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15040341 · Cited by 3
“The diffusion tensors were calculated from pre-processed dMRI data using the Diffusion Imaging in Python software package version 1.9.0 (DIPY) [43].”
InfluentialHuang, H., Zeng, J.-Y., Tang, Y., Li, D., Li, J., Chen, H., & Cai, L. (2025) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-24-1903 · Cited by 3
Prasad, S., Nagaraj, T., Bhat, S. G., Purushotham, S., Taneja, R., Bhardwaj, M., Samartha, D. K., Arumugham, S. S., Kumar, K. J., Mailankody, P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-025-03001-2 · Cited by 4
“TractoFlow incorporates commands from multiple standard processing tools, i.e. FSL, MRTrix3, Advanced Normaliza - tion Tools (ANTs), and Diffusion Imaging in Python (Dipy) (Jenkinson et al. 2012 ; Tournier et al. 2012 ; Avants et al. 2009 ; Garyfallidis et al. 2014 ).”
3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
Griffin, M. R., Bertram, S. E., Robison, N. P., Panoskaltsis‐Mortari, A., Janardan, R., & McAlpine, M. C. (2025) · Communications Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44172-025-00489-0 · Cited by 3
“Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) is a clinically relevant imaging modality that measures the diffusion of water in 3D space 18 – 21 .”
Yang, W., Niu, J., Xiong, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Wang, Z., Song, D., & Chen, B. (2025) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112455 · Cited by 3
Coletta, L., Avesani, P., Zigiotto, L., Venturini, M., Annicchiarico, L., Vavassori, L., Jamadar, S., Liang, E., Hansen, J. Y., Mišić, B., et al. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-01121-0 · Cited by 3
“7.0) 40,41 .”
InfluentialWang, L., Lian, W., Huang, R., Wang, A., Lv, M., Zhao, X., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32299-x · Cited by 3
“The workflow was as follows: (1) Generate free water maps by fitting a regularized bi-tensor model using the Diffusion Imaging (Dipy) in Python open-source package 28 .”
Implicit neural representations for accurate estimation of the Standard Model of white matter
Hendriks, T., Arends, G. C., Versteeg, E., Vilanova, A., Chamberland, M., & Tax, C. M. W. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09399-5 · Cited by 5
Feng, Y., Shuai, Y., Villalón-Reina, J. E., Chandio, B. Q., Thomopoulos, S. I., Nir, T. M., Jahanshad, N., & Thompson, P. M. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12837-9_5 · Cited by 4
Noise2Average: An iterative residual learning strategy for image denoising without clean data
Li, Z., Li, Z., Bilgiç, B., Ying, K., Salat, D. H., Polimeni, J. R., Liao, H., Huang, S. Y., & Tian, Q. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1163 · Cited by 3
“Patch2Self was applied to denoise the raw diffusion data from the WU- Minn-Ox HCP using the default parameters in the DIPY software package (https://docs . dipy . org / dev / examples _ built / prepro cessing / denoise _ patch2self . html) ( Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
Jaatela, J., Aydogan, D. B., Nurmi, T., Vallinoja, J., & Piitulainen, H. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab444 · Cited by 3
“For that, we used the recommended parameters in Dipy documentation.”
MethodLösel, P. D., Relle, J. J., Voß, S., Raschidi, R., Nessel, R., Görich, J., Wielpütz, M. O., Löffler, T., Heuveline, V., & Kallinowski, F. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-01311-w · Cited by 3
“These measurements are then integrated into the GRIP framework to evaluate whether the planned reconstruction provides sufficient mechanical stability (i.e., GRIP > CRIP).”
Tan, Z., Liebig, P. A., Heidemann, R. M., Laun, F. B., & Knöll, F. (2024) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00085 · Cited by 3
“Reconstructed DWIs were then processed by DiPy ( Garyfallidis et al., 2014) to obtain color-coded fractional anisotropy (cFA) maps.”
MethodCook, M., Dhahri, W., Laflamme, M. A., Ghugre, N. R., & Wright, G. A. (2024) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101045 · Cited by 3
“DTI analysis was performed using the Python Dipy Library [19] on 10 slices of the mid-left ventricle (LV).”
Poliva, O., Poliva, O., Herrera, C., Sugai, K., Whittle, N., Leek, M. R., Yi, A. C., Barnes, S., Holshouser, B., & Venezia, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlae069 · Cited by 3
Grouza, V., Bagheri, H., Liu, H., Tuznik, M., Wu, Z., Robinson, N., Siminovitch, K. A., Peterson, A. C., & Rudko, D. A. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120850 · Cited by 3
“Raw diffusion-weighted GRASE images were corrected for Gibbs ringing and denoised using the Marcenko-Pastur PCA algorithm (Veraart et al., 2016), implemented in Dipy.”
Streamline tractography of the fetal brain in utero with machine learning
Liu, W., Calixto, C. A., Warfield, S. K., & Karimi, D. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00537 · Cited by 3
“For analyzing adult brain dMRI data, there exists a repertoire of reliable computational tools ( Cai et al., 2021; Cieslak et al., 2021; Dubos et al., 2023; Garyfallidis et al., 2014; Joseph et al., 2021; Theaud et al., 2020; J.- D. Tournier et al., 2019).”
Li, Y., Zhuo, Z., Liu, C., Duan, Y., Shi, Y., Wang, T., Li, R., Wang, Y., Jiang, J., Xu, J., et al. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120858 · Cited by 4
“The interpolation was performed with the SHORE basis (Merlet and Deriche, 2013) using the Dipy software (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
DiPiero, M. A., Rodrigues, P. G., Justman, M., Roche, S., Bond, E., Guerrero-Gonzalez, J. M., Davidson, R. J., Planalp, E. M., & Dean, D. (2024) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-024-02853-w · Cited by 3
Koska, İ. Ö., Selver, M. A., Gelal, F. M., Uluç, M. E., Çetinoğlu, Y. K., Yurttutan, N., Serındere, M., & Dıcle, O. (2024) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03520-x · Cited by 3
Sun, H., Yan, Z., Gao, J., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y., Song, Y., Liu, Y., Lin, Z., Shen, W., Jin, F., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.111963 · Cited by 3
The multiscale self-similarity of the weighted human brain connectome
Barjuan, L., Zheng, M., & Serrano, M. Á. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012848 · Cited by 3
“Employing Dipy [41], the corrected DWI of each subject was used to fit a second-order tensor for each voxel and its various voxelwise scalar maps.”
3D Anatomical Structure-Guided Deep Learning for Accurate Diffusion Microstructure Imaging
Ma, X., Cheng, J., Fan, W., Wu, R., Ye, Y., & Wang, S. (2025) · IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) · doi:10.1109/isbi60581.2025.10980927 · Cited by 3
“Specifically, we extract T1w images using the hidden Markov random field model available in the 3D/4D+ imaging library in Python (DIPY)[21], categorizing voxels into three types of tissues: gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).”
Matyi, M. A., Radhakrishnan, H., Olm, C. A., Phillips, J. S., Cook, P. A., Rhodes, E., Gee, J. C., Irwin, D. J., McMillan, C. T., & Massimo, L. M. (2025) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103853 · Cited by 6
“Many internal operations of QSIPrep use Nilearn 0.10.1 (Abraham et al., 2014) (RRID:SCR_001362) and Dipy (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
InfluentialTowards an Informed Choice of Diffusion MRI Image Contrasts for Cerebellar Segmentation
Legarreta, J. H., Zhou, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Yeterian, E. H., Makris, N., Rushmore, J., Yogesh Rathi, A., & O’Donnell, L. J. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70317 · Cited by 2
“In particular, the DIPY library is harnessed through SCILPY scripts to compute the DTI-and DKI-model features, and to extract dMRI shell data.”
Free water elimination tractometry for aging brains
Chang, K., Burke, L., LaPiana, N., Howlett, B., Hunt, D., Dezelar, M., Andre, J. B., Curl, P. K., Ralston, J. D., Rokem, A., et al. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.991 · Cited by 3
Self-citationTranscriptional upregulation of myelin components in spontaneous myelin basic protein-deficient mice
Staats, K. A., Pombal, D., Schönefeldt, S., Helleputte, L. V., Maurin, H., Dresselaers, T., Govaerts, K., Himmelreich, U., LEUVEN, F. V., Bosch, L. V. D., et al. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.021 · Cited by 3
3D-SSF: A bio-inspired approach for dynamic multi-subject clustering of white matter tracts
Chekir, A., Hassas, S., Descoteaux, M., Côté, M.-A., Garyfallidis, E., & Oulebsir-Boumghar, F. (2017) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.01.016 · Cited by 3
Self-citationDiffuse Low Grade Glioma NMR Assessment for Better Intra-operative Targeting Using Fuzzy Logic
Naudin, M., Tremblais, B., Guillevin, C., Guillevin, R., & Fernández-Maloigne, C. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01449-0_17 · Cited by 3
Jordan, K., Keshavan, A., Caverzasi, E., Osorio, J. A., Papinutto, N., Amirbekian, B., Berger, M. S., & Henry, R. G. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12713 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTissue Probability Based Registration of Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Malovani, C., Friedman, N., Ben‐Eliezer, N., & Tavor, I. (2021) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.27654 · Cited by 3
Kiar, G., Chatelain, Y., Salari, A., Evans, A. C., & Tristan Glatard, B. (2021) · Neurons Behavior Data analysis and Theory · doi:10.51628/001c.28328 · Cited by 7
Influence of adaptive denoising on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging at 3T and 7T
Trò, R., Roascio, M., Arnulfo, G., Tortora, D., Severino, M., Rossi, A., Napolitano, A., & Fato, M. (2023) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107508 · Cited by 3
Thalamus Segmentation Using Deep Learning with Diffusion MRI Data: An Open Benchmark
Pinheiro, G. R., Brusini, L., do Carmo, D. S., Prôa, R., Abreu, T., Appenzeller, S., Menegaz, G., & Rittner, L. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13095284 · Cited by 4
Richerson, W. T., Muftuler, L. T., Wolfgram, D. F., & Schmit, B. D. (2023) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2023.04.007 · Cited by 3
Data-driven physical actigraphy patterns relate to cognitive and vascular health in older adults
Paolillo, E. W., Lee, S. Y., VandeBunte, A. M., Saloner, R., Gaynor, L. S., Djukic, N. A., Tsuei, T., Cobigo, Y., Kramer, J. H., & Casaletto, K. B. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112231 · Cited by 3
Unraveling multi-fixel microstructure with tractography and angular weighting
Delinte, N., Dricot, L., Macq, B. M. M., Gosse, C., Reybroeck, M. V., & Rensonnet, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1199568 · Cited by 5
“In our experiments, tractography of the WM was performed using a probabilistic algorithm based on the Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) model (Tournier et al., 2007) to produce a whole-brain tractogram (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodCaron, A. V., Shmuel, A., Hao, Z., & Descoteaux, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2023.1191200 · Cited by 3
“Upsampling Once denoised, both the T1w image and the diffusion volumes are upsampled to a finer resolution using Dipy (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationConsistency of muscle fibers directionality in human thigh derived from diffusion-weighted MRI
Shusharina, N., & Nguyen, C. T. (2023) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/acf10c · Cited by 3
Gomis, M., Fernández, C., Dacosta‐Aguayo, R., Carrillo, X., Martínez, S., Muñoz-Guijosa, C., Berastegui, E., Valentín, A. G., Puig, J., Bernal, E., et al. (2023) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03362-9 · Cited by 3
“All subjects’ FA data will be aligned into a common space using the nonlinear registration tool FNIRT [49, 50], which uses a b-spline representation of the registration warp field [51, 52], resulting in all images transformed into 1 mm isotropic, MNI152 standard space.”
MethodOverview of methods and available tools used in complex brain disorders
Ilias, L., Doukas, G. S., Kontoulis, M., Alexakis, K., Michalitsi-Psarrou, A., Ntanos, C., & Askounis, D. (2023) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.16244.1 · Cited by 3
“) is an open-source Python library used for the analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data 81 .”
MethodFilipiak, P., Sajitha, T. A., Shepherd, T. M., Clarke, K., Goldman, H. G., Placantonakis, D. G., Zhang, J., Chan, K. C., Boada, F. E., & Baete, S. H. (2023) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.29911 · Cited by 2
“In both cases, we used our in-house Python code available as an extension of DIPY 34 at: https://github.com/ filipp02/dipy_odffp Note that ODF-FP was not intended for use with any particular reconstruction algorithm.”
MethodAlong-Tract Statistical Mapping of Microstructural Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot Study
Nabulsi, L., Chandio, B. Q., Dhinagar, N. J., Laltoo, E., McPhilemy, G., Martyn, F. M., Hallahan, B. P., McDonald, C., Thompson, P. M., & Cannon, D. M. (2023) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339964 · Cited by 3
Large-scale Normative Modeling of Brain Microstructure
Villalón‐Reina, J. E., Zhu, A. H., Nir, T. M., Thomopoulos, S. I., Laltoo, E., Kushan, L., Bearden, C. E., Jahanshad, N., & Thompson, P. M. (2023) · International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis (SIPAIM) · doi:10.1109/sipaim56729.2023.10373451 · Cited by 5
“For the datasets without precomputed DTI maps, FA and MD were computed with DIPY [28] or FSL [29] on the single shell or on the lowest shell available if multi-shell data were provided.”
MethodAutomatic Fast and Reliable Recognition of a Small Brain White Matter Bundle
Kruper, J., & Rokem, A. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47292-3_7 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPatel, J. H., Schöttner, M., Tarun, A., Tourbier, S., Alemán‐Gómez, Y., Hagmann, P., & Bolton, T. A. W. (2024) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00368 · Cited by 3
“Also, the fiber orientation distribution functions (ODFs) were estimated using MRtrix CSD of order 6 for the DTI data and Dipy (Garyfallidis et al., 2014) simple”
MethodAlmairac, F., Parker, D., Mondot, L., Isan, P., Onno, M., Papadopoulo, T., Fontaine, D., & Verma, R. (2024) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2024.1.jns23568 · Cited by 3
Zheng, L., Li, Z., Liu, Z., Li, D., Zhang, L., Yue, H., Cheng, F., Mao, Q., Wei, X., & Zhou, M. (2024) · International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1142/s0218001424540119 · Cited by 3
Lei, Y., Zhang, X., Ni, W., Gao, C., Li, Y., Yang, H., Gao, X., Xia, D., Zhang, X., Osipowicz, K. Z., et al. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.585 · Cited by 3
Phase Stabilization with Motion Compensated Diffusion Weighted Imaging
Hannum, A. J., Cork, T., Setsompop, K., & Ennis, D. B. (2024) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.30218 · Cited by 5
“45 The registration transformation was then applied to both the real and imaginary components of the complex image data.”
Deep learning‐based reconstruction on intensity‐inhomogeneous diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Zhu, Z., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Zong, F. (2024) · iRadiology · doi:10.1002/ird3.100 · Cited by 3
BundleAGE: Predicting White Matter Age using Along-Tract Microstructural Profiles from Diffusion MRI
Feng, Y., Villalón‐Reina, J. E., Nir, T. M., Chandio, B. Q., Jahanshad, N., & Thompson, P. M. (2024) · International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis (SIPAIM) · doi:10.1109/sipaim62974.2024.10783507 · Cited by 3
Prasad, S., Rajan, A., Bharath, R. D., Saini, J. S., & Pal, P. K. (2025) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-025-03542-z · Cited by 3
Fast and ultra-high shot diffusion MRI image reconstruction with self-adaptive Hankel subspace
Qian, C., Han, M., Zhu, L., Wang, Z., Guan, F., Guo, Y., Ruan, D., Guo, Y., Kang, T., Lin, J., et al. (2025) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2025.103546 · Cited by 3
Vedaei, F., Srinivasan, D., Parker, D., Erus, G., Dolui, S., Sorond, F. A., Jacobs, D. R., Launer, L. J., Lackland, D. T., Davatzikos, C. A., et al. (2025) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103768 · Cited by 3
“A brain mask was fit to the average B0 image with BET2, and a tensor model was applied to the data in DIPY, from which the standard FA and MD measures were computed.”
Development of the arcuate fasciculus is linked to learning gains in reading
Roy, E. A., Harriott, E. M., Nguyen, T. Q., Richie-Halford, A., Rokem, A., Cutting, L. E., & Yeatman, J. D. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00542 · Cited by 3
“Fiber orientation distributions (FOD) were estimated in each voxel using constrained spherical deconvolution implemented in DIPY ( Garyfallidis et al., 2014; Tournier et al., 2007).”
InfluentialSelf-citationVariation in high-amplitude events across the human lifespan
Jo, Y., Tanner, J., Seguin, C., Faskowitz, J., & Betzel, R. F. (2025) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn.a.515 · Cited by 3
“Tractography was performed using Dipy ’ s Local Tracking module (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
The Stein effect for Fréchet means
McCormack, A., & Hoff, P. D. (2022) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/22-aos2245 · Cited by 3
“We now apply the estimator (23) to the ‘Sherbrooke 3-shell’ dataset that is publicly available from the DIPY Python package [31].”
MethodA Signal Peak Separation Index for Axisymmetric B-Tensor Encoding
Rensonnet, G., Rafael‐Patiño, J., Macq, B. M. M., Thiran, J., Girard, G., & Pizzolato, M. (2021) · Mathematics and visualization · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73018-5_3 · Cited by 3
“The estimation of fascicle orientation was performed with DIPY [10] routines by first reconstructing the ODF from the noisy signal and then extracting the maxima from the ODF.”
MethodThe Microstructural Features of the Diffusion-Simulated Connectivity (DiSCo) Dataset
Rafael‐Patiño, J., Girard, G., Truffet, R., Pizzolato, M., Thiran, J., & Caruyer, E. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87615-9_14 · Cited by 4
“Peaks were extracted from the FODs for each voxel size (25 μm, 50 μm and 100 μm) using Dipy [12].”
MethodEnabling Complex Fibre Geometries Using 3D Printed Axon-Mimetic Phantoms
Kuehn, T. K., Mushtaha, F. N., KHAN, A. R., & Baron, C. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.833209 · Cited by 2
“DIPY (Garyfallidis et al., 2014) was used to perform weighted ordinary least squares fits of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) (Basser et al.”
MethodOn the computation of integrals over fixed-size rectangles of arbitrary dimension
Ocegueda, O., Dalmau, O., Garyfallidis, E., Descoteaux, M., & Rivera, M. (2016) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2016.05.008 · Cited by 3
Self-citationA Restaurant Process Mixture Model for Connectivity Based Parcellation of the Cortex
Moyer, D., Gutman, B. A., Jahanshad, N., & Thompson, P. M. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59050-9_27 · Cited by 3
“Probabilistic streamline tractography was conducted using the DWI in 2mm isotropic MNI 152 space, using Dipy’s [7] implementation of constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) [21] with a harmonic order of 6.”
MethodRepeated Tractography of a Single Subject: How High Is the Variance?
Gu, X., Eklund, A., & Knutsson, H. E. (2017) · Mathematics and visualization · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61358-1_14 · Cited by 3
“To further extend this study, we performed deterministic tractography on the same datasets using Dipy (Garyfallidis et al., 2014).”
MethodInfluentialApplying Python in Brain Science Education
Zhang, X., Huang, J., Yang, Y., He, X., Liu, R., & Zhong, N. (2019) · International Joint Conference on Information, Media and Engineering (IJCIME) · doi:10.1109/ijcime49369.2019.00086 · Cited by 3
“…to interact with existing neuroimaging software, including ANTS, SPM, FSL, FreeSurfer, Camino, MRtrix, MNE, AFNI, Slicer et al. In addition, Dipy [6] is used for dMRI analysis, Mindboggle [7] is used to improve prediction accuracy and consistency of brain image data annotation and morphology,…”
MethodDiffusion propagator metrics are biased when simultaneous multi-slice acceleration is used
Muftuler, L. T., Nencka, A. S., & Koch, K. M. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2021.11.003 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Garyfallidis, E., Brett, M., Amirbekian, B., Rokem, A., van der Walt, S., Descoteaux, M., Nimmo-Smith, I., & Contributors, D.
- Affiliations
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garyfallidis, Eleftherios
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-02-21
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 8-8
- ISSN
- 1662-5196 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3931231
- OpenAlex
- W2062791478
- Cited by
- 1,371
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 192 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 162 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 147 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 39.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Eye Institute (F32EY022294)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- diffusion MRI, DIPY, white matter, fiber tractography, diffusion tensor model, constrained spherical deconvolution, diffusion spectrum imaging, probabilistic tracking, open source software, Python library
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