Cited by 98Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major DepressionGenomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

Essential Role of Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling in Mood Disorders: Overview and Future Perspective

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Hashimoto, Kenji·2018·Frontiers in Pharmacology

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common mood disorders with a high rate of relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests that the transcription factor Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1)- Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) system plays a key role in inflammation which is involved in depression. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the protein expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus in mice with depression-like phenotype were lower than control mice. In the learned helplessness paradigm, the protein levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the PFC and DG of hippocampus from rats with depression-like phenotype were also lower than control and resilient rats. Furthermore, rodents with depression-like phenotype have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mice exhibit depression-like phenotype, and higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, Nrf2 KO mice have lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the PFC, and CA3 and DG of hippocampus compared to wild-type mice. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB agonist, showed antidepressant effects in Nrf2 KO mice, by stimulating BDNF-TrkB in the PFC, CA3 and DG. Pretreatment with sulforaphane, a naturally occurring Nrf2 activator, prevented depression-like phenotype in mice after inflammation or chronic social defeat stress. Interestingly, dietary intake of 0.1% glucoraphanin (a precursor of sulforaphane) containing food during juvenile and adolescent stages of mice could prevent depression-like phenotype in adulthood after chronic social defeat stress. Moreover, the protein expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the parietal cortex from major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder were lower than controls. These findings suggest that Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a key role in the stress resilience which is involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. It is, therefore, possible that dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables including glucoraphanin (or SFN) may prevent or minimize relapse from remission, induced by stress and/or inflammation in depressed patients. In the review, the author would like to discuss the role of Keap1-Nrf2 system in mood disorders.

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  • Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that higher levels of oxidative stress, alterations in the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, and Nrf2-associated inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.

    “however, increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that higher levels of oxidative stress, alterations in the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, and Nrf2-associated inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders [128,129,130,131,132].”

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Authors
Hashimoto, K.
Affiliations
Chiba University (JP)
Corresponding author
Hashimoto, Kenji
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Published
2018-10-16
Volume
9
Pages
1182-1182
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2892958757
Cited by
98
References
106
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8
FWCI
0.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (17H04243)
  • Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP18dm0107119)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Keywords
Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, depression, mood disorders, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cytokines, BDNF/TrkB signaling, sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, cruciferous vegetables, chronic social defeat stress, learned helplessness, stress resilience, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, antidepressant effects

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