The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation
Abstract
The somatic marker hypothesis (SMH; [Damasio, A. R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., 1991. Somatic markers and the guidance of behaviour: theory and preliminary testing. In Levin, H.S., Eisenberg, H.M., Benton, A.L. (Eds.), Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 217-229]) proposes that emotion-based biasing signals arising from the body are integrated in higher brain regions, in particular the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), to regulate decision-making in situations of complexity. Evidence for the SMH is largely based on performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; [Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Damasio, A.R., 1996. Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 6 (2), 215-225]), linking anticipatory skin conductance responses (SCRs) to successful performance on a decision-making paradigm in healthy participants. These 'marker' signals were absent in patients with VMPFC lesions and were associated with poorer IGT performance. The current article reviews the IGT findings, arguing that their interpretation is undermined by the cognitive penetrability of the reward/punishment schedule, ambiguity surrounding interpretation of the psychophysiological data, and a shortage of causal evidence linking peripheral feedback to IGT performance. Further, there are other well-specified and parsimonious explanations that can equally well account for the IGT data. Next, lesion, neuroimaging, and psychopharmacology data evaluating the proposed neural substrate underpinning the SMH are reviewed. Finally, conceptual reservations about the novelty, parsimony and specification of the SMH are raised. It is concluded that while presenting an elegant theory of how emotion influences decision-making, the SMH requires additional empirical support to remain tenable.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Functions important for 'hot' decision-making are processing of reward and punishment and visceral responses to motivational cues.
“Functions that are important for ‘hot’ decision-making are the processing of reward and punishment (which is also linked to inhibitory control) and the visceral responses to these motivational cues [42], [43].”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [43]
Cites
(1994) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,542 · see citing works
DESCARTES' ERROR: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Marg, E. (1995) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03988.x · Cited by 8,177 · see citing works
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223 · see citing works
On the psychology of prediction.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0034747 · Cited by 6,202 · see citing works
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 · Cited by 6,128 · see citing works
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006 · see citing works
The feeling of what happens: body and emotion in the making of consciousness
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-6553 · Cited by 5,998 · see citing works
Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267 · Cited by 5,955 · see citing works
Handbook of Affective Sciences
(2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.001.0001 · Cited by 5,104 · see citing works
Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Hirschman, E. C., Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1983) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151689 · Cited by 3,813 · see citing works
Emotion, Decision Making and the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Bechara, A. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.295 · Cited by 3,589 · see citing works
Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1293 · Cited by 3,547 · see citing works
JAMES, W. (1884) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/os-ix.34.188 · Cited by 3,446 · see citing works
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · see citing works
The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex
Damasio, A. R. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0125 · Cited by 2,847 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Antonio Damasio has recently extended the influence of somatic processes to the regulation of decision-making as well as emotion in his influential somatic marker hypothesis (henceforth, SMH; Damasio et al., 1991; Damasio, 1994, 1996, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialOngur, D. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.206 · Cited by 2,627 · see citing works
Gazzaniga, M. S., & Bizzi, E. (2000) · Cited by 2,525 · see citing works
Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing.
Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.276 · Cited by 2,224 · see citing works
James, W. (2005) · Williams & Wilkins eBooks · doi:10.1037/10735-001 · Cited by 2,221 · see citing works
Computational principles of movement neuroscience
Wolpert, D. M., & Ghahramani, Z. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81497 · Cited by 2,122 · see citing works
Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R., & Lee, G. P. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-13-05473.1999 · Cited by 2,001 · see citing works
New directions in attribution research
Harvey, J. H., Ickes, W. J., & Kidd, R. F. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,996 · see citing works
The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision
Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. R. (2005) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2004.06.010 · Cited by 1,986 · see citing works
Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles.
Epstein, S. J., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.390 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
Bechara, A., Tranel, D., & Damásio, H. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.11.2189 · Cited by 1,903 · see citing works
The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and an Alternative Theory
Cannon, W. B. (1927) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1415404 · Cited by 1,899 · see citing works
Looking for Spinoza : Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
Damásio, A. R. (2003) · Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California) · Cited by 1,879 · see citing works
Dalgleish, T. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1432 · Cited by 1,849 · see citing works
Self-citationThe functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style
Davidson, R. J., & Irwin, W. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01265-0 · Cited by 1,684 · see citing works
Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex
Anderson, S. W., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/14833 · Cited by 1,539 · see citing works
The Return of Phineas Gage: Clues About the Brain from the Skull of a Famous Patient
Damásio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Frank, R. J., Galaburda, A. M., & Damásio, A. R. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8178168 · Cited by 1,520 · see citing works
Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.
Rescorla, R. A., & Solomon, R. L. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024475 · Cited by 1,487 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It was therefore concluded that the instrumental response and visceral response do not directly influence one another but instead are both mediated by some other central nervous system state that follows the rules of Pavlovian conditioning (Rescorla and Solomon, 1967).”
BackgroundSevere disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR
Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1985) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.35.12.1731 · Cited by 1,426 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…effects on work and social function without inducing any obvious impairments in intellect and cognitive performance, focusing particularly on the famous cases of Phineas Gage (see Harlow, 1868 for an overview) and Elliot (EVR; see Damasio, 1979; Eslinger and Damasio, 1985; Damasio et al., 1991).”
BackgroundThe Role of Affect in Decision Making
Loewenstein, G. F., & Lerner, J. S. (2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.003.0031 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Rolls, E. T. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198524649.001.0001 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
DAMASIO, A. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90144-4 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction
(1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195062847.001.0001 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
MACLEAN, P. D. (1949) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-194911000-00003 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Bechara, A. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2003.04.001 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Bechara, A., Dolan, S. L., Denburg, N. L., Hindes, A. R., Anderson, S. W., & Nathan, P. E. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00136-6 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035032 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Affect, imagery, consciousness, Vol. 1: The positive affects.
Tomkins, S. S. (1992) · doi:10.1037/14351-000 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
The Orienting Reflex in Humans
Kimmel, H. D., Olst, E. H., & Orlebeke, J. F. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003171409 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Rogers, R. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00091-8 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Dissociation Of Working Memory from Decision Making within the Human Prefrontal Cortex
Bechara, A., Damásio, H., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00428.1998 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., Wade, D., & McGrath, J. (1994) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.12.1518 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Review: Electrodermal Responses: What Happens in the Brain
Critchley, H. D. (2002) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840200800209 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
(1947) · Harvard Educational Review · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control
Montague, P. R., Hyman, S. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03015 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Emotion and motivation II: Sex differences in picture processing.
Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Sabatinelli, D., & Lang, P. J. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.300 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
The problem of the frontal lobe: A reinterpretation
Nauta, W. J. H. (1971) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(71)90017-3 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Bechara, A., & Damasio, H. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00015-5 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Emotions—Their Parameters and Measurement
N, J. C. (1976) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197603000-00011 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation
Saper, C. B. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex
Manes, F., Sahakian, B., Clark, L., Rogers, R., Antoun, N., Aitken, M., & Robbins, T. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf049 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
The Iowa Gambling Task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.002 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Bond, T. C. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.5.645-a · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Consciousness and the varieties of emotion experience: A theoretical framework.
Lambie, J. A., & Marcel, A. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.2.219 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Rolls, E. T. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0128 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications.
Lovibond, P., & Shanks, D. (2002) · Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.3 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Coordination of Actions and Habits in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats
Killcross, S. (2003) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/13.4.400 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Decision Affect Theory: Emotional Reactions to the Outcomes of Risky Options
Mellers, B. A., Schwartz, A., Ho, K., & Ritov, I. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00455.x · Cited by 736 · see citing works
The Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the Experience of Regret
Camille, N., Coricelli, G., Sallet, J., Pradat-Diehl, P., Duhamel, J.-R., & Sirigu, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094550 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Facial Efference And The Experience Of Emotion
Adelmann, P. K., & Zajonc, R. B. (1989) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001341 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Somatic Markers and the Guidance of Behavior: Theory and Preliminary Testing
Damásio, A. R., Tranel, D., & Damásio, H. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195062847.003.0011 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Power, M., & Dalgleish, T. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315708744 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Self-citationCabanac, M. (2002) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00078-5 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Fellows, L. K. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg180 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Fellows, L. K. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh108 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Hornak, J., O'Doherty, J., Bramham, J., Rolls, E. T., Morris, R. G., Bullock, P. R., & Polkey, C. E. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892904322926791 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Izquierdo, A., Suda, R. K., & Murray, E. A. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1921-04.2004 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Decision-making and addiction (part II): myopia for the future or hypersensitivity to reward?
Bechara, A., Dolan, S., & Hindes, A. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00016-7 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers performing a decision-making task
Bolla, K. I., Eldreth, D. A., London, E. D., Kiehl, K. A., Mouratidis, M., Contoreggi, C. S., Matochik, J. A., Kurian, V., Cadet, J. L., Kimes, A. S., et al. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00113-7 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Impaired decision making in suicide attempters
Jollant, F., Bellivier, F., Leboyer, M., Astruc, B., Torres, S., Verdier, R., Castelnau, D., Malafosse, A., & Courtet, P. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.304 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Maia, T. V., & McClelland, J. L. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406666101 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Chronic pain patients are impaired on an emotional decision-making task
Apkarian, V. A., Sosa, Y., Krauss, B. R., Thomas, S. P., Fredrickson, B. E., Levy, R. E., Harden, N. R., & Chialvo, D. R. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.015 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Development of “hot” executive function: The children’s gambling task
Kerr, A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00275-6 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Saver, J. L., & Damásio, A. R. (1991) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90037-9 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Damasio, A. R. (1998) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00064-7 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Busemeyer, J. R., & Stout, J. C. (2002) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.3.253 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Bechara, A., & Martin, E. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.152 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Role of the Amygdala in Decision‐Making
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07094.x · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Goudriaan, A., Oosterlaan, J., de Beurs, E., & van den Brink, W. (2005) · Brain research. Cognitive brain research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.017 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Decision-making in a Risk-taking Task A PET Study
Monique Ernst, D. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00414-6 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Tranel, D., Bechara, A., & Denburg, N. L. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70024-8 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Crone, E. A., & van der Molen, M. W. (2004) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2503_2 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Frontal lobe dysfunction in pathological gambling patients
Cavedini, P., Riboldi, G., Keller, R., D’Annucci, A., & Bellodi, L. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01227-6 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Hooper, C. J., Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M., & Yarger, R. S. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1148 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Recovery from the passage of an iron bar through the head
Harlow, J. M. (1993) · History of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0957154x9300401407 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Discussion: The physical basis of emotion.
James, W. (1894) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0065078 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Barrash, J., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (2000) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s1532694205barrash · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Information processing, dimensionality reduction and reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia
Bar‐Gad, I., Morris, G., & Bergman, H. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.12.001 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Neural substrates of faulty decision-making in abstinent marijuana users
Bolla, K. I., Eldreth, D. A., Matochik, J. A., & Cadet, J. L. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.012 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
The physical basis of emotion.
James, W. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.205 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Specific cognitive deficits in mild frontal variant frontotemporal dementia
Rahman, S., Sahakian, B. J., Hodges, J. R., Rogers, R. D., & Robbins, T. W. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.8.1469 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Tomkins, S. S. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Distinguishing among Orienting, Defense, and Startle Reflexes
Graham, F. K. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003171409-10 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Evidence for a dysfunctional prefrontal circuit in patients with an impulsive aggressive disorder
Best, M., Williams, J. M., & Coccaro, E. F. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.112604099 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Damásio, A. R., & Anderson, S. W. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Sex-related Differences in a Gambling Task and Its Neurological Correlates
Bolla, K. I. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh083 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
The ability to decide advantageously declines prematurely in some normal older persons
Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.012 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Testosterone shifts the balance between sensitivity for punishment and reward in healthy young women
van Honk, J., Schutter, D. J. L. G., Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Tuiten, A., & Koppeschaar, H. P. F. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.007 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Toplak, M. E., Jain, U., & Tannock, R. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-1-8 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Clark, L., Manes, F. F., Antoun, N. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00081-2 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
The varieties of emotional experience: A meditation on James-Lange theory.
Lang, P. J. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.211 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Decision making in adolescents with behavior disorders and adults with substance abuse.
Ernst, M., Grant, S., London, E., Contoreggi, C., Kimes, A., & Spurgeon, L. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.33 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Marston, W. M. (1928) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1037/13390-000 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
William James and emotion: Is a century of fame worth a century of misunderstanding?
Ellsworth, P. C. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.222 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Cavedini, P., Riboldi, G., D'Annucci, A., Belotti, P., Cisima, M., & Bellodi, L. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00077-x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
A Neuropsychological Investigation of Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in Acute Mania
Clark, L., Iversen, S. D., & Goodwin, G. M. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1605 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Cognitive-Experiential Theory: An Integrative Theory of Personality
Epstein, S. J. (2014) · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Functional activity related to risk anticipation during performance of the Iowa gambling task
Fukui, H., Murai, T., Fukuyama, H., Hayashi, T., & Hanakawa, T. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.028 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Ernst, M., Kimes, A. S., London, E. D., Matochik, J. A., Eldreth, D., Tata, S., Contoreggi, C., Leff, M., & Bolla, K. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1061 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Long-term heavy marijuana users make costly decisions on a gambling task
Whitlow, C. T., Liguori, A., Livengood, L. B., Hart, S. L., Mussat-Whitlow, B. J., Lamborn, C. M., Laurienti, P. J., & Porrino, L. J. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.009 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Three decision‐making tasks in cocaine‐dependent patients: do they measure the same construct?
Monterosso, J. R., Ehrman, R. N., Napier, K. L., O'Brien, C. P., & Childress, A. R. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9612182512.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Shurman, B., Horan, W. P., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.020 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
SOME EFFECTS OF SPINAL CORD LESIONS ON EXPERIENCED EMOTIONAL FEELINGS
Hohmann, G. W. (1966) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02690.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Individual differences in decision-making
Franken, I. H. A., & Muris, P. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.004 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Heart rate and skin conductance analysis of antecendents and consequences of decision making
Crone, E. A., Somsen, R. J. M., van Beek, B., & van der Molen, M. W. (2004) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00197.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Decomposing skin conductance into tonic and phasic components
Lim, C. L., RENNIE, C. J., Barry, R. J., Bahramali, H., Lazzaro, I., Manor, B. R., & Gordon, E. (1997) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00713-1 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Performance on the IOWA card task by adolescents and adults
Overman, W., Frassrand, K., Ansel, S. N., Trawalter, S., Bies, B., & Redmond, A. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.03.014 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Reavis, R., & Overman, W. (2001) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.115.1.196 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Somatic markers, working memory, and decision making
Hinson, J. M., Jameson, T. L., & Whitney, P. J. (2002) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.2.4.341 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Overman, W. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00279-3 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Effortless control: Executive attention and conscious feeling of mental effort are dissociable
Naccache, L., Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Habert, M.-O., Guichart-Gomez, E., Galanaud, D., & Willer, J.-C. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.024 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Feelings and emotions: The Loyola symposium.
Arnold, M. B. (1970) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Decision‐Making Deficits and Overeating: A Risk Model for Obesity
Davis, C. A., Levitan, R. D., Muglia, P., Bewell, C., & Kennedy, J. L. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.113 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Emotion, Evolution, and Rationality
Evans, D., & Cruse, P. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528975.001.0001 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Ascending visceral regulation of cortical affective information processing
Berntson, G. G., Sarter, M. F., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02967.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Neuropsychological investigation of decision-making in anorexia nervosa
Cavedini, P., Bassi, T., Ubbiali, A., Casolari, A., Giordani, S., Zorzi, C., & Bellodi, L. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.03.012 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Schmitt, W. A., Brinkley, C. A., & Newman, J. P. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.108.3.538 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Fellows, L. K., & Farah, M. J. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.018 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Neurocognitive measures of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia
Ritter, L. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00086-0 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Nonconscious fear conditioning, visceral perception, and the development of gut feelings
Katkin, E. S., Wiens, S., & Öhman, A. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00368 · Cited by 160 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, an individual differences approach could be adopted, for example looking at how variance in interoceptive ability relates to IGT performance (e.g. see Katkin et al., 2001).”
MethodDefective somatic markers in sub-clinical psychopathy
van Honk, J., Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Montagne, B., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200206120-00009 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
An odd kind of fame: stories of Phineas Gage
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2778 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Do somatic markers mediate decisions on the gambling task?
Tomb, I., HAUSER, M. D., Deldin, P. J., & Caramazza, A. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1102-1103 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Cheung, T. H. C., & Cardinal, R. N. (2005) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-6-36 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Impairment on a Simulated Gambling Task in Long‐Term Abstinent Alcoholics
Fein, G., Klein, L. C., & Finn, P. (2004) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000141642.39065.9b · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Shiv, B., Loewenstein, G. F., & Bechara, A. (2005) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.006 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Wilder, K. E., Weinberger, D. R., & Goldberg, T. E. (1998) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00135-7 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lawrence, A. D., Sahakian, B. J., Rogers, R. D., Hodges, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00035-4 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationBarnard, P. J., & Teasdale, J. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315804750 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Schmitt, W. A., Brinkley, C. A., & Newman, J. P. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.3.538 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Aging and prefrontal functions: dissociating orbitofrontal and dorsolateral abilities
Lamar, M., & Resnick, S. M. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.06.005 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Solomon, R. L., & Turner, L. H. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0049385 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Lamberts, K., & Goldstone, R. L. (2005) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608177 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Toward a quantitative description of learning set data.
Restle, F. (1958) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0045864 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Complex decision-making in early childhood
Garon, N., & Moore, C. L. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00272-0 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Real versus facsimile reinforcers on the Iowa Gambling Task
Bowman, C. H., & Turnbull, O. H. (2003) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00111-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Beninger, R. J., Wasserman, J., Zanibbi, K., Charbonneau, D., Mangels, J. A., & Beninger, B. V. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00315-8 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of education on the Iowa Gambling Task
Evans, C. E. Y., Kemish, K., & Turnbull, O. H. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.02.022 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Whitney, K. A. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.013 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback
Keillor, J. M., Barrett, A. M., Crucian, G. P., Kortenkamp, S., & Heilman, K. M. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617701020136 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
An Odd Kind of Fame: Stories of Phineas Gage
Em, T. (2001) · Endeavour · doi:10.1016/s0160-9327(00)01354-5 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Turnbull, O. H., Evans, C. E. Y., Bunce, A., Carzolio, B., & O’Connor, J. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.053 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Cognitive impulsivity and HIV serostatus in substance dependent males
Martin, E., Pitrak, D., Weddington, W., Rains, N. A., Nunnally, G., Nixon, H. C., Grbesic, S., Vassileva, J., & Bechara, A. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704107054 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Phineas gauged: decision-making and the human prefrontal cortex
Sanfey, A. G., Hastie, R., Colvin, M. K., & Grafman, J. H. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00039-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Social and Emotional Decision-making Following Frontal Lobe Injury
Clark, L., & Manes, F. F. (2004) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790490882799 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Carter, S., & Pasqualini, M. S. (2004) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930341000338 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Decision making performance in obsessive compulsive disorder
Nielen, M. M. A., Veltman, D. J., de Jong, R., Mulder, G., & den Boer, J. A. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00381-5 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Bowman, C. H., Evans, C. E. Y., & Turnbull, O. H. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.015 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Heims, H. C., Critchley, H., Dolan, R. J., Mathias, C. J., & Cipolotti, L. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Components of working memory and somatic markers in decision making
Jameson, T. L., Hinson, J. M., & Whitney, P. J. (2004) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196604 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Application of the somatic marker hypothesis to individual differences in decision making
Suzuki, A., Hirota, A., Takasawa, N., & Shigemasu, K. (2003) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(03)00093-0 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The somatic marker hypothesis: still many questions but no answers
Maia, T. V., & McClelland, J. L. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.006 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Adinoff, B. H., Devous, M. D., Cooper, D. B., Best, S. E., Chandler, P. A., Harris, T. S., Cervin, C. A., & Cullum, C. M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1892 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Impaired performance in a test of decision-making by opiate-dependent tobacco smokers
Rotheram-Fuller, E. J., SHOPTAW, S. J., Berman, S. M., & London, E. D. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.003 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gonzalez, R., Vassileva, J., Bechara, A., Grbesic, S., Sworowski, L., Novak, R., Nunnally, G., & Martin, E. (2005) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617705050186 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Deficit in decision making in catatonic schizophrenia: An exploratory study
Bark, R., Diekmann, S., Bogerts, B., & Northoff, G. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.04.013 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Electrophysiological correlates of reward prediction error recorded in the human prefrontal cortex
Oya, H., Adolphs, R., Kawasaki, H., Bechara, A., Damásio, A. R., & Howard, M. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0500899102 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Levine, B., Black, S. E., Cheung, G., Campbell, A., O'Toole, C., & Schwartz, M. L. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Autonomic arousal feedback and emotional experience: Evidence from the spinal cord injured.
Chwalisz, K. D., Diener, E., & Gallagher, D. L. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.820 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Frontal lobe dysfunction in patients with chronic migraine: a clinical–neuropsychological study
Mongini, F., Keller, R., Deregibus, A., Barbalonga, E., & Mongini, T. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.12.028 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Altered decision‐making in multiple sclerosis: A sign of impaired emotional reactivity?
Kleeberg, J., Bruggimann, L., Annoni, J., van Melle, G., Bogousslavsky, J., & Schluep, M. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20277 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Menzel, R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Perfusion abnormalities and decision making in cocaine dependence
Tucker, K. A., Potenza, M. N., Beauvais, J. E., et al. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.031 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Response inhibition in Extinction
Rescorla, R. A. (2010) · doi:10.1080/713932655 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Autonomic arousal feedback and emotional experience: Evidence from the spinal cord injured.
Chwalisz, K. D., Diener, E., & Gallagher, D. L. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.820 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gambling Task Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury
Levine, B., Black, S. E., Cheung, G., Campbell, A., O'Toole, C., & Schwartz, M. L. (2005) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wnn.0000152227.13001.c3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
William James and the Mechanisms of Emotional Experience
Laird, J. D., & Bresler, C. (1990) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167290164005 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Reduced autonomic responsiveness to gambling task losses in Huntington's disease
Campbell, M. C., Stout, J., & Finn, P. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704102105 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
THE MECHANISM OF THE EMOTIONS 1
Solomon, M. (1927) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1927.tb00659.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Dimitrov, M. (1999) · Neurocase · doi:10.1093/neucas/5.4.345 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback
Keillor, J. M., Barrett, A. M., Crucian, G. P., et al. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702811134 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Decision-Making
Martin, C. O., Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D., Granner, M. A., & Bechara, A. (2004) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70156-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cognitive performance and autonomic reactivity in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers.
Fishbein, D., Hyde, C., Eldreth, D. L., London, E., Matochik, J., Ernst, M., Isenberg, N., Steckley, S., Schech, B., & Kimes, A. (2005) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.13.1.25 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Pribram, K. H. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-063550-4.50010-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
An evaluation of the use of passive shimming to improve frontal sensitivity in fMRI
Cusack, R., Russell, B., Cox, S. M. L., De Panfilis, C., Schwarzbauer, C., & Ansorge, R. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.029 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Gambling as an Executive Function Task
Lehto, J., & Elorinne, E. (2003) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an1004_5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
North, N. T. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00107-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Human Brain Function, Second Edition
Frackowiak, R. S. J., Friston, K. J., Dolan, R. J., et al. (2004) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Turnbull, O. H., Evans, C. E. Y., Kemish, K., Park, S., & Bowman, C. H. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.290 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dimitrov, M., Phipps, M., Zahn, T. P., & Grafman, J. H. (1999) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554799908411987 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dalgleish, T., Yiend, J., Bramham, J., Teasdale, J. D., Ogilvie, A. D., Malhi, G. S., & Howard, R. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.161.10.1913 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliam James and the modern neurobiology of emotion
Damásio, A. R. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528975.003.0001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Preserved complex emotion-based learning in amnesia
Turnbull, O. H., & Evans, C. E. Y. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.019 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cobos, P., Sánchez, M., Garcı́a, C., Vera, M. N., & Vila, J. (2002) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00061-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709 · Cited by 1,425 · see citing works
Neural differentiation of expected reward and risk in human subcortical structures
Preuschoff, K., Bossaerts, P., & Quartz, S. R. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.024 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Figner, B., Mackinlay, R. J., Wilkening, F., & Weber, E. U. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0014983 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Hornak, J., O'Doherty, J., Bramham, J., Rolls, E. T., Morris, R. G., Bullock, P. R., & Polkey, C. E. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892904322926791 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Domschke, K., Stevens, S., Pfleiderer, B., & Gerlach, A. L. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.008 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Listening to Your Heart: How Interoception Shapes Emotion Experience and Intuitive Decision Making
Dunn, B. D., Galton, H. C., Morgan, R., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Meyer, M., Cusack, R., Lawrence, A. D., & Dalgleish, T. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610389191 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Self-citationBrand, M., Young, K. S., & Laier, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00375 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
“They used the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al., 2000), which had been used in many studies with different patient populations with neurological and psychiatric diseases including substance dependency and behavioral addictions before (cf. Dunn et al., 2006).”
MethodAge differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa gambling task
Cauffman, E., Shulman, E. P., Steinberg, L., Claus, E., Banich, M. T., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016128 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Toplak, M. E., Sorge, G. B., Benoit, A., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.002 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Jollant, F., Lawrence, N. S., Olie, E., O'Daly, O., Malafosse, A., Courtet, P., & Phillips, M. L. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.027 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Spear, L. P. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.08.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Differential effects of anxiety and depression on interoceptive accuracy
Pollatos, O., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Schandry, R. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20504 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Explicit neural signals reflecting reward uncertainty
Schultz, W., Preuschoff, K., Camerer, C., Hsu, M., Fiorillo, C. D., Tobler, P. N., & Bossaerts, P. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0152 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Dunn, B. D., Stefanovitch, I., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Hawkins, A., & Dalgleish, T. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.006 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationHeartbeat perception in depression
Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., Ogilvie, A. D., & Lawrence, A. D. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.008 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationFeelings and the body: the Jamesian perspective on autonomic specificity of emotion
Friedman, B. H. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.10.006 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Fellows, L. K. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06229.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Emotion in reinforcement learning agents and robots: a survey
Moerland, T. M., Broekens, J., & Jonker, C. M. (2018) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-017-5666-0 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Anorexia, bulimia, and obesity: Shared decision making deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
BROGAN, A., HEVEY, D., & PIGNATTI, R. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710000354 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review
Groen, Y., Gaastra, G. F., Lewis-Evans, B., & Tucha, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074909 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Fairchild, G. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between mindfulness and cardiac perception
Parkin, L., Morgan, R., Rosselli, A., Howard, M., Sheppard, A., Evans, D., Hawkins, A., Martinelli, M., Golden, A.-M., Dalgleish, T., et al. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0181-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationDissociation of decisions in ambiguous and risky situations in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Starcke, K., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Markowitsch, H. J., & Brand, M. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.022 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits associated with disadvantageous decision-making
Jollant, F., Guillaume, S., Jaussent, I., Bellivier, F., Leboyer, M., Castelnau, D., Malafosse, A., & Courtet, P. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.06.001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Age-related changes in decision making: Comparing informed and noninformed situations
Van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K., Jansen, B. R. J., Bredman, J. C., & Huizenga, H. M. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025601 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Rochat, L., Billieux, J., Gagnon, J., & Van der Linden, M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2017.1313393 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Lackner, R. J., & Fresco, D. M. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.007 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Starcke, K., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Markowitsch, H.-J., & Brand, M. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800902996831 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The developmental psychopathology of motivation in adolescence
Fairchild, G. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.07.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Behavioral neuroscience of buying-shopping disorder: a review
Kyrios, M., Trotzke, P., Lawrence, L., Fassnacht, D. B., Ali, K., Laskowski, N. M., & Müller, A. (2018) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-018-0165-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Oswald, L. M., Wand, G. S., Wong, D. F., Brown, C. H., Kuwabara, H., & Brašić, J. R. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.022 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task in a sample of hypersexual men
Mulhauser, K. R. W., Struthers, W. M., Hook, J. N., Pyykkonen, B. A., Womack, S. D., & MacDonald, M. (2014) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/10720162.2014.908333 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Piech, R. M., Strelchuk, D., Knights, J., Hjälmheden, J. V., Olofsson, J. K., & Aspell, J. E. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14318-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Betz, L. T., Brambilla, P., Ilankovic, A., Premkumar, P., Kim, M.-S., Raffard, S., Bayard, S., Hori, H., Lee, K.-U., Lee, S. J., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Alexithymia, cumulative feedback, and differential response patterns on the iowa gambling task
Ferguson, E., Bibby, P. A., Rosamond, S., O'Grady, C., Parcell, A., Amos, C., McCutcheon, C., & O'Carroll, R. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00568.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neural substrates of decision making as measured with the Iowa Gambling Task in men with alexithymia
Kano, M., Ito, M., & Fukudo, S. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318223c7f8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Model-based learning and individual differences in depression: The moderating role of stress
Heller, A. S., Ezie, C. E. C., Otto, A. R., & Timpano, K. R. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.09.007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Impulsivity influences betting under stress in laboratory gambling
Canale, N., Rubaltelli, E., Vieno, A., Pittarello, A., & Billieux, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10745-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dunn, Barnaby D.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 239-271
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052762350
- Semantic Scholar
- 9f0eefdfa8f83914afe73ea9a239a58b2555ab7a
- Cited by
- 894
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- somatic marker hypothesis, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, decision-making, emotional decision-making, Iowa Gambling Task, skin conductance response, anticipatory emotions, cognitive penetrability, reward and punishment, prefrontal cortex lesions
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Decision Making, Emotions, Gambling, Games, Experimental, Humans, Psychological Theory, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
