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Understanding Pain Catastrophizing: Putting Pieces Together
Open accessAbstract
The present narrative review addresses issues concerning the defining criteria and conceptual underpinnings of pain catastrophizing. To date, the concept of pain catastrophizing has been extensively used in many clinical and experimental contexts and it is considered as one of the most important psychological correlate of pain chronicity and disability. Although its extensive use, we are still facing important problems related to its defining criteria and conceptual understanding. At present, there is no general theoretical agreement of what catastrophizing really is. The lack of a consensus on its definition and conceptual issues has important consequences on the choice of the pain management approaches, defining and identifying problems, and promoting novel research. Clinical and research work in absence of a common theoretical ground is often trivial. It is very surprising that clinical and experimental work has grown extensively in the past years, without a common ground in the form of a clear definition of pain catastrophizing and overview of its conceptual basis. Improving the efficacy and efficiency of pan catastrophizing related treatments requires an understanding of the theoretical construct. So far, most interventions have only demonstrated modest effects in reducing pain catastrophizing. Therefore, clarifying the construct may be an important precursor for developing more targeted and effective interventions, thereby easing some of the burden related to this aspect of pain. In our review, we have extracted and de-constructed common elements that emerge from different theoretical models with the aim to understand the concept of catastrophizing, which components can be modulated by psychological interventions, and the general role in pain processing. The analysis of the literature has indicated essential key elements to explain pain catastrophizing: emotional regulation, catastrophic worry (as repetitive negative thinking), rumination, behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) systems, and interoceptive sensitivity. The present paper attempts to integrate these key elements with the aim to re-compose and unify the concept within a modern biopsychosocial interpretation of catastrophizing.
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“A recent review of the literature has demonstrated that catastrophizing thoughts about pain are associated with increased pain intensity and severity, disability, emotional distress, healthcare utilization, pain medication use, and poorer outcomes following surgery (Petrini & Arendt-Nielsen, 2020).”
From Increasing Occupational Engagement by Addressing Psychosocial and Occupational Factors of Chronic Pain: A Case Report. (2022) · cites this paper as Petrini & Arendt-Nielsen, 2020
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“Additionally, it could account for inconsistent findings when relating BIS scale to placebo and nocebo effects (Corsi and Colloca, 2017).”
BackgroundAcademic Medicine and Concierge Practice
Larochelle, M. R., Liebschutz, J., Zhang, F., Ross-Degnan, D., & Wharam, J. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l16-0103 · Cited by 175 · cited 1×
“However, people with highly sensitive BAS are particularly vulnerable to the development of addictive behaviors (Pardo et al., 2007).”
BackgroundA Transdiagnostic Approach to Pain and Emotion
Linton, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12007 · Cited by 157 · cited 9×
“Strategies for pain control also include distraction, reappraisal, withdrawal/avoidance, self-reward, and suppression (Linton, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRuminative coping as avoidance
Stroebe, M., Boelen, P. A., van den Hout, M., Stroebe, W., Salemink, E., & van den Bout, J. (2007) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0746-y · Cited by 157
Davey, G. C. L., & Levy, S. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.4.576 · Cited by 153 · cited 2×
“In order to develop efficient interventions that achieve the best treatment outcome, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms and the potential factors that are behind therapeutic procedures (Day et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., Micco, J. A., Henin, A., Bloomfield, A., Biederman, J., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20490 · Cited by 144
Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental hygiene treatment
Sullivan, M. J. L., & Neish, N. R. (1998) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01971.x · Cited by 139
Pain catastrophizing as repetitive negative thinking: A development of the conceptualization
Flink, I. L., Boersma, K., & Linton, S. J. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2013.769621 · Cited by 137
Thought Suppression, Catastrophizing, and Pain
Sullivan, M., Rouse, D. L., Bishop, S. R., & Johnston, S. (1997) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021809519002 · Cited by 136 · cited 1×
“Efforts to suppress pain-related thoughts either during or prior to pain had the unintended effect of increasing reports of pain severity in comparison with individuals who did not attempt to suppress pain (Cioffi and Holloway, 1993; Sullivan, 1997).”
ResultGreen, S., Frey, B., Donegan, E., & McCabe, R. (2018) · Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression During Pregnancy and Beyond · doi:10.4324/9781315452494-9 · Cited by 130 · cited 7×
“From the BIS–BAS perspective, it has been suggested that catastrophizing could reflect the BIS-related cognitive content and process (Jensen et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychopathology and thought suppression: A quantitative review
Magee, J. C., Harden, K. P., & Teachman, B. A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.001 · Cited by 128
Catastrophic Thinking: A Transdiagnostic Process Across Psychiatric Disorders
Gellatly, R., & Beck, A. T. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9763-3 · Cited by 128 · cited 2×
“Catastrophizing has been suggested as a transdiagnostic construct identified across different disorders (Linton, 2013; Gellatly and Beck, 2016).”
BackgroundPain Psychology: A Global Needs Assessment and National Call to Action
Darnall, B., Scheman, J., Davin, S., Burns, J., Murphy, J. L., Wilson, A. C., Kerns, R., & Mackey, S. (2016) · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · doi:10.1093/pm/pnv095 · Cited by 125 · cited 5×
“The concept of catastrophic worry was inspired by the literature on anxiety disorders Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org 3 December 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 603420 (Borkovec et al., 1983; Davey and Levy, 1998) and combined with new advances in pain research.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAn integrative review of the influence of expectancies on pain
Peerdeman, K. J., Laarhoven, A. I. M. V., Peters, M. L., & Evers, A. W. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01270 · Cited by 122
Alcohol use as a behavioural sign of disinhibition: evidence from J.A. Gray's model of personality.
Pardo, Y., Aguilar, R., Molinuevo, B., & Torrubia, R. (2007) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.02.010 · Cited by 118
Olatunji, B. O., Deacon, B. J., Abramowitz, J. S., & Valentiner, D. P. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.09.002 · Cited by 114
Rumination, Magnification, and Helplessness
Craner, J. R., Gilliam, W. P., & Sperry, J. A. (2016) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000355 · Cited by 114 · cited 1×
“It has been suggested that this experience is phenomenologically similar to worrying, where no immediate solution is available (Crombez et al., 2012).”
BackgroundLet’s talk about pain catastrophizing measures: an item content analysis
Crombez, G., Paepe, A. L. D., Veirman, E., Eccleston, C., Verleysen, G., & Ryckeghem, D. M. L. V. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8643 · Cited by 113 · cited 1×
“Regrettably, surveys are showing that although medical providers are recognizing the value of the biopsychosocial model of pain treatment, they appear to be lacking in operationalizing this model in their practice (Darnall et al., 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundBurns, J. W., Day, M. A., & Thorn, B. E. (2012) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-011-0086-3 · Cited by 112 · cited 4×
“(Burns et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialMarkarian, S. A., Pickett, S. M., Deveson, D. F., & Kanona, B. B. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.004 · Cited by 106
What do chronic pain patients think of their pain? Towards a pain cognition questionnaire.
Vlaeyen, J., Geurts, S., Kole-Snijders, A. M. J., Schuerman, J., Groenman, N., & van Eek, H. (1990) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1990.tb00901.x · Cited by 104
Lackner, J. M., & Quigley, B. M. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.018 · Cited by 103
Pain beliefs, coping, and adjustment to chronic pain
Geisser, M. E., Robinson, M. E., & Riley, J. L. (1999) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(99)70001-2 · Cited by 96
Targeted treatment of catastrophizing for the management of chronic pain
Thorn, B. E., Boothby, J. L., & Sullivan, M. J. L. (2002) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(02)80006-2 · Cited by 96
Worry and chronic pain patients: a description and analysis of individual differences
Eccleston, C., Crombez, G., Aldrich, S., & Stannard, C. (2001) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2001.0252 · Cited by 92
Darnall, B. D., Carr, D. B., & Schatman, M. E. (2016) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnw166 · Cited by 90
Anxious self-talk: Development of the Anxious Self-Statements Questionnaire (ASSQ)
Kendall, P., & Hollon, S. (1989) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01178491 · Cited by 89
Somatization symptoms in chronic low back pain patients.
Bacon, N., Bacon, S., Atkinson, J. H., Slater, M., Patterson, T., Grant, I., & Garfin, S. (1994) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199403000-00007 · Cited by 86
Høvik, L. H., Winther, S. B., Foss, O. A., & Gjeilo, K. H. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1073-0 · Cited by 86
Berardis, D. D., Campanella, D., Gambi, F., Rovere, R. L., Sepede, G., Core, L., Canfora, G., Santilli, E., Valchera, A., Mancini, E., et al. (2007) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.48.3.239 · Cited by 84 · cited 1×
“…shown that catastrophizing is related to higher levels of pain and suffering (Lackner and Quigley, 2005), increased need for medical advice, greater health-care utilization (de Boer et al., 2012), increased disability (Picavet et al., 2002), and worse outcome after surgery (Hovik et al., 2016).”
BackgroundCatastrophic misinterpretations as a predictor of symptom change during treatment for panic disorder
Teachman, B., Marker, C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021067 · Cited by 83
De Vlieger, P., Crombez, G., & Eccleston, C. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.10.022 · Cited by 81
Catastrophizing predicts changes in thermal pain responses after resolution of acute dental pain
Edwards, R. R., Fillingim, R. B., Maixner, W. D., Sigurðsson, Á., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.02.226 · Cited by 80 · cited 1×
“Repetitive negative thinking is defined as a style of thinking about one’s problems (current, past or future) or negative experience (past or anticipated) that is repetitive, at least partly intrusive, and is difficult to disengage from (Ehring and Watkins, 2008; Ehring et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAssessing cognitive coping strategies for acute postsurgical pain.
Butler, R. W., Damarin, F. L., Beaulieu, C. L., Schwebel, A. I., & Thorn, B. E. (1989) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.41 · Cited by 79
Jensen, M. P., Ehde, D. M., & Day, M. A. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.001 · Cited by 77
Slepian, P. M., Ankawi, B., & France, C. R. (2019) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaz051 · Cited by 72
The Experience of Cognitive Intrusion of Pain
Attridge, N., Crombez, G., Ryckeghem, D. M. L. V., Keogh, E., & Eccleston, C. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000257 · Cited by 69
Advancing psychological therapies for chronic pain
Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.10612.1 · Cited by 67
Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Craske, M. (2003) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465803004016 · Cited by 64
Non-organic symptom reporting in patients with chronic non-malignant pain
Ciccone, D. S., Just, N., & Bandilla, E. B. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(96)03216-2 · Cited by 64
Reward responsiveness in patients with chronic pain
Elvemo, N.-A. L., Landrø, N. I., Borchgrevink, P. C., & Haberg, A. K. (2015) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.687 · Cited by 62
Pain‐related catastrophizing in pain patients and people with pain in the general population
de Boer, M. J., Struys, M. M. R. F., & Versteegen, G. J. (2012) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00136.x · Cited by 60 · cited 1×
“Individuals show trait differences in the activity of the two systems (De Pascalis et al., 2013), which can explain alteration in emotional regulation and in the tendency to catastrophize.”
BackgroundPersonality and Temperament Correlates of Pain Catastrophizing in Young Adolescents
Muris, P., Meesters, C. M. G., van der Hout, A., Wessels, S., Franken, I. H. A., & Rassin, E. (2007) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-007-0054-9 · Cited by 60
The Continuing Evolution of Biopsychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain
Day, M. A., Thorn, B. E., & Burns, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.26.2.114 · Cited by 60
Catastrophizing delays the analgesic effect of distraction
Campbell, C. M., Witmer, K., Simango, M., Carteret, A. F., Loggia, M. L., Campbell, J. N., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Edwards, R. R. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.012 · Cited by 59
Meyer, T. D., & Hofmann, B. U. (2005) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8503_08 · Cited by 56
Merchán-Clavellino, A., Bailén, J. R. A., García, A. Z., & Bozal, R. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00424 · Cited by 50
Thinking about Thinking about Pain: A Qualitative Investigation of Rumination in Chronic Pain
Edwards, M. J., Tang, N. K. Y., Wright, A., Salkovskis, P. M., & Timberlake, C. M. (2011) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt.11.29 · Cited by 49
(2020) · Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_302236 · Cited by 48 · cited 1×
“Repetitive negative thinking is defined as a style of thinking about one’s problems (current, past or future) or negative experience (past or anticipated) that is repetitive, at least partly intrusive, and is difficult to disengage from (Ehring and Watkins, 2008; Ehring et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGilliam, W. P., Burns, J. W., Quartana, P. J., Matsuura, J. T., Nappi, C. M., & Wolff, B. (2010) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9245-0 · Cited by 47
Pain beliefs and coping attempts
Thorn, B. E., Rich, M. A., & Boothby, J. L. (1999) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(99)70002-4 · Cited by 46
Catastrophizing, pain, and pain interference in individuals with disabilities
Hirsh, A. T., Bockow, T. B., & Jensen, M. P. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e31822409b2 · Cited by 45
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Walsh, A. (2018) · doi:10.4324/9780429428234 · Cited by 45 · cited 2×
“Jensen’s model (Jensen et al., 2016) is based on measures of BIS (Carver and White, 1994), that lacks separation between BIS-anxiety and FFFS-fear (fightflight-freezing-system) (Corr and Cooper, 2016; De Pascalis et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodTraxler, J., Hanssen, M. M., Lautenbacher, S., Ottawa, F., & Peters, M. L. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1294 · Cited by 45
Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy: Albert Ellis
Dryden, W., & Bond, F. W. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.1.131 · Cited by 44
The Role of Pain Catastrophizing in Experimental Pain Perception
Kristiansen, F. L., Olesen, A. E., Brock, C., Gazerani, P., Petrini, L., Mogil, J. S., & Drewes, A. M. (2013) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12150 · Cited by 41
Self-citationMetacognition, perseverative thinking, and pain catastrophizing: A moderated‐mediation analysis
Schütze, R., Rees, C. S., Smith, A. J., Slater, H., & O’Sullivan, P. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1479 · Cited by 41
Reinforcement sensitivity theory predicts positive and negative affect in daily life
Hundt, N. E., Brown, L. H., Kimbrel, N. A., Walsh, M. A., Nelson‐Gray, R. O., & Kwapil, T. R. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.021 · Cited by 40
Quartana, P. J., Burns, J. W., & Lofland, K. R. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9101-z · Cited by 38
Anderson, C. M. (2001) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2001.4030100245.x · Cited by 37 · cited 2×
“In order to develop efficient interventions that achieve the best treatment outcome, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms and the potential factors that are behind therapeutic procedures (Day et al., 2012).”
BackgroundKoenig, J., Kooning, M. D., Bernardi, A., Williams, D. P., Nijs, J., Thayer, J. F., & Daenen, L. (2015) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12399 · Cited by 37
Goal specification in cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic headache pain
James, L., Thorn, B., & Williams, D. A. (1993) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80271-0 · Cited by 35
Maack, D. J., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.005 · Cited by 33
Serrano-Ibáñez, E., Ramírez-Maestre, C., López-Martínez, A. E., Esteve, R., Ruíz-Párraga, G., & Jensen, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00394 · Cited by 31 · cited 3×
“Results from a recent study show that chronic pain individuals with higher BIS use suppression techniques (Serrano-Ibáñez et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSuppression of Emotion Expression Mediates the Effects of Negative Affect on Pain Catastrophizing
Wong, W. S., & Fielding, R. (2013) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31827da3b5 · Cited by 30 · cited 1×
“Other studies have also found associations between BIS and emotion regulation difficulties (Markarian et al., 2013; Zohreh and Ghazal, 2018).”
BackgroundKeefe, F. J., Lefebvre, J. C., & Smith, S. J. (1999) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(99)70004-8 · Cited by 30 · cited 2×
“Several theoretical constructs have been proposed for pain catastrophizing, and initiated a debate on whether it should have been considered a coping strategy (Keefe et al., 1999), an appraisal model (Haythornthwaite and Heinberg, 1999; Thorn et al.”
BackgroundSchütze, R., Rees, C., Slater, H., Smith, A., & O'Sullivan, P. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12240 · Cited by 30
Pain intensity, headache frequency, and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems
Jensen, M. P., Tan, G., & Chua, S. M. (2015) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000215 · Cited by 29
The influence of reward sensitivity, heart rate dynamics and EEG-delta activity on placebo analgesia
Pascalis, V. D., & Scacchia, P. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.014 · Cited by 29 · cited 2×
“Recent research is highlighting intriguing possibilities (Jensen et al., 2015a; Deschênes et al., 2016; Koenig et al., 2016; De Pascalis and Scacchia, 2019).”
BackgroundHaythornthwaite, J. A., & Heinberg, L. J. (1999) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(99)70003-6 · Cited by 28
Measuring pain: An introspective look at introspection
Nakamura, Y., & Chapman, C. R. (2002) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00019-3 · Cited by 25
Pain catastrophizing: an historical perspective
Neblett, R. (2017) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12086 · Cited by 21 · cited 2×
“Early Pain Research: Interpreting Catastrophizing in Pain In early pain research, there was an interest in investigating factors responsible for variability in pain responses among individuals subjected to an identical nociceptive stimulus (Neblett, 2017).”
BackgroundBorgne, M. L., Boudoukha, A. H., Petit, A., & Roquelaure, Y. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.08.008 · Cited by 20 · cited 1×
“Specifically, they seem to not be able to accept negative emotions (Salters-Pedneault et al., 2006) and as a consequence they show an increase in negative affect and dysfunctional beliefs (Le Borgne et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPain Catastrophizing and EEG-α Asymmetry
Jensen, M. P., Gianas, A., Sherlin, L. H., & Howe, J. D. (2014) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000182 · Cited by 20
Serrano-Ibáñez, E. R., Ramírez-Maestre, C., Esteve, R., & López-Martínez, A. E. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1581013 · Cited by 19
Jensen, M. P., Ward, L., Thorn, B. E., Ehde, D., & Day, M. (2017) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000407 · Cited by 19
Breivik, H., Reme, S., & Linton, S. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2013.11.004 · Cited by 19
An evaluation of the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation system (BIS-BAS) model of pain.
Day, M. A., Matthews, N. L., Newman, A., Mattingley, J. B., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000274 · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“Patients with increased anxiety sensitivity generally report hypervigilance for somatic sensations (De Berardis et al., 2007; Olatunji et al., 2007; Anderson and Hope, 2009).”
BackgroundThe relationships between worry, happiness and pain catastrophizing in the experience of acute pain
Lefebvre, J. C., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1405 · Cited by 18
Pascalis, V. D., Scacchia, P., Papi, B., & Corr, P. J. (2019) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2019.9 · Cited by 17 · cited 2×
“Likewise, a study from De Vlieger et al. (2006) supports the idea that worry is a common feature in chronic pain patients.”
BackgroundDeschênes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., & Gouin, J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.015 · Cited by 17
Personality differences in suppression of behavior as a function of the probability of punishment
Ávila, C., & Torrubia, R. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.019 · Cited by 16 · cited 1×
“Based on the association of BIS with behavioral inhibition and withdrawal, new studies are also supporting a relationship between pain and BIS (Jensen et al., 2017), and BIS and threat detection (Ávila and Torrubia, 2006).”
BackgroundThe behavioral inhibition and activation systems and function in patients with chronic pain
Serrano-Ibáñez, E. R., López-Martínez, A. E., Ramírez-Maestre, C., Esteve, R., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.021 · Cited by 15 · cited 1×
“For example, Lefebvre et al. (2017) demonstrated that a manipulation of emotions had significant effects on the experience of worry about pain, and that a direct manipulation of pain-related worry increased pain intensity (Lefebvre and Jensen, 2019).”
BackgroundSj, B. C. (2014) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.29 · Cited by 14 · cited 1×
“Current pain research supports the importance of integrating psychological factors in these frameworks (Jensen and Turk, 2014).”
BackgroundSchütze, R., Rees, C. S., Smith, A. J., Slater, H., Catley, M. J., & O’Sullivan, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00910 · Cited by 12
Becerra-García, J. A., & Robles Jurado, M. J. (2014) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.12034 · Cited by 11
Schütze, R. (2016) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12105 · Cited by 9 · cited 1×
“Recent studies support the importance of the metacognitive aspect of rumination when characterizing pain catastrophizing (Schütze, 2016; Schütze et al., 2020).”
ResultBehavioral Systems and Difficulty with Emotional Regulation Predict Adolescents’ Addiction Potential
Zohreh, A., & Ghazal, Z. (2018) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2018.1474824 · Cited by 6
The Effects of Manipulating Worry and Happiness on the Experience of Acute Pain and Worry about Pain
Lefebvre, J. C., Jensen, M. P., & Trant, D. A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9854-9 · Cited by 4
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“Since HRV has been suggested as an index of functional integrity of the neural networks implicated in the emotioncognitive interaction (Park and Thayer, 2014) and self-regulatory capacity (Butler et al., 2006), we hypothesize that catastrophic worry individuals will have a lower HRV associated with hypervigilant and m…”
Background
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Tidmarsh, L. V., Harrison, R. N., Ravindran, D., Matthews, S. L., & Finlay, K. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.923866 · Cited by 102
Chronic Stress and Headaches: The Role of the HPA Axis and Autonomic Nervous System
Sič, A., Bogicevic, M., Brezić, N., Nemr, C., & Knežević, N. N. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13020463 · Cited by 100
“Increased SNS-driven amygdala activity and reduced PNS-mediated prefrontal regulation contribute to heightened pain sensitivity and emotional distress, creating a self-reinforcing cycle that worsens headache symptoms [26,37].”
Vieira, W. F., Coelho, D. R. A., Litwiler, S. T., McEachern, K. M., Clancy, J. A., Morales-Quezada, L., & Cassano, P. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105673 · Cited by 90
Pain Catastrophizing: How Far Have We Come
Simić, K., Savic, B., & Knežević, N. N. (2024) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint16030036 · Cited by 78
“Over the past few decades, research into pain catastrophizing has been increasingly popularized due to the recognition of the crucial role it plays in modifying the experiences of pain and its management [4].”
BackgroundPain Catastrophizing: Controversies, Misconceptions and Future Directions
Sullivan, M. J. L., & Tripp, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.004 · Cited by 87
Metadata
- Authors
- Petrini, L., & Arendt-Nielsen, L.
- Affiliations
- Aalborg University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Petrini, Laura
- ORCID
- Petrini, Laura
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-12-16
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 603420-603420
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7772183
- OpenAlex
- W3113360819
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Aalborg Universitet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- pain catastrophizing, chronic pain, pain-related disability, conceptual definitions, emotion regulation, rumination, behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, interoceptive sensitivity, biopsychosocial model, pain processing, psychological intervention
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