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Cited by 112Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering

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Ye, Shicheng, Boeter, Jochem W.B., Penning, Louis C., Spee, Bart, Schneeberger, Kerstin·2019·Bioengineering
DOI 10.3390/bioengineering6030059PMC PMC6784004
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Abstract

Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.

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  • Over the past ten years, more than 30 studies have explored dLECM-based hydrogels in liver regeneration.

    “In fact, over the past ten years, more than 30 studies have explored dLECM-based hydrogels in liver regeneration.”

    From From scaffold to function: A systematic review on dLECM-based hydrogels for liver tissue engineering — Fabrication, properties, and translational applications (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Discussion reports that several groups tried decellularized liver ECM as a bioink for liver tissue engineering, supporting the general point that this material has been explored. It does not report more than 30 studies or specify a ten-year period. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • dLECM hydrogels can help maintain hepatocyte function in culture, boost angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, and support the formation of organoid-like structures.

    “Results show these hydrogels can help maintain hepatocyte function in culture, boost angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, and even support the formation of organoid-like structures.”

    From From scaffold to function: A systematic review on dLECM-based hydrogels for liver tissue engineering — Fabrication, properties, and translational applications (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

    The Discussion reports that decellularized liver ECM has been used as a bioink for liver tissue engineering. Section 3.2 reports maintenance of hepatic functions with other hydrogels, but the passages do not establish these effects for dLECM hydrogels or report that they boost angiogenesis, reduce fibrosis, or form organoid-like structures. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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References 201 · Cited by 112

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Authors
Ye, S., Boeter, J. W. B., Penning, L. C., Spee, B., & Schneeberger, K.
Affiliations
Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Schneeberger, Kerstin
ORCID
Venue
Bioengineering
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-07-05
Volume
6
Issue
3
Pages
59
ISSN
2306-5354 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/bioengineering6030059
PMC
PMC6784004
OpenAlex
W2954064367
Cited by
112
References
201
Citations by year
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FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Bioengineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (016.Veni.198.021)
  • China Scholarship Council (CSC201808310180)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Keywords
hydrogels, liver tissue engineering, in vitro liver models, in vivo transplantation, natural hydrogels, synthetic hydrogels, liver histopathology, hepatocytes, drug testing, toxicology, end-stage liver disease

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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