Cited by 24Extracellular vesicles in diseaseGlioma Diagnosis and TreatmentNanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry

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Liguori, Giovanna L.·2024·Cells

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB.

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Crossref · 10.3390/cells13040336

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  • Extracellular vesicles regulate cell migration in several cancer types, including glioblastoma.

    “In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators, regulating cell migration in several cancer types, including GB.”

    From Optimized Wound Healing Assay to Study Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2026) · cites this paper as [30]

    Section 3.2 reports that extracellular vesicles can alter glioblastoma cell migration in vitro, and Section 3.1 links EVs to invasiveness in tumors generally. The copy does not specifically establish regulation of cell migration in several cancer types beyond glioblastoma. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Liguori, G. L.
Affiliations
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IT)
Corresponding author
Liguori, Giovanna L.
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-02-13
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
336
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4391821367
Cited by
24
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9
FWCI
0.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • European Union—NextGenerationEU
  • PoC—PNRR measure of the Ministry of Enterprise and Made
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Keywords
glioblastoma, extracellular vesicles, EV-based therapeutics, tumor heterogeneity, temozolomide, radiotherapy, tumor recurrence, intercellular communication, SWOT analysis
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Temozolomide, Glioblastoma, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Quality of Life

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