Is Anthropogenic Pyrodiversity Invisible in Paleofire Records?
Open accessAbstract
Paleofire studies frequently discount the impact of human activities in past fire regimes. Globally, we know that a common pattern of anthropogenic burning regimes is to burn many small patches at high frequency, thereby generating landscape heterogeneity. Is this type of anthropogenic pyrodiversity necessarily obscured in paleofire records because of fundamental limitations of those records? We evaluate this with a cellular automata model designed to replicate different fire regimes with identical fire rotations but different fire frequencies and patchiness. Our results indicate that high frequency patch burning can be identified in tree-ring records at relatively modest sampling intensities. However, standard methods that filter out fires represented by few trees systematically biases the records against patch burning. In simulated fire regime shifts, fading records, sample size, and the contrast between the shifted fire regimes all interact to make statistical identification of regime shifts challenging without other information. Recent studies indicate that integration of information from history, archaeology, or anthropology and paleofire data generate the most reliable inferences of anthropogenic patch burning and fire regime changes associated with cultural changes.
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Identifying frequent burning by mobile foragers is particularly challenging using conventional fire frequency metrics in areas with abundant lightning that burned once or twice per decade, such as the dry pine forests of the Southwest United States.
“In areas with abundant lightning that burned once or twice per decade, such as the dry pine forests of the Southwest United States, identifying frequent burning by mobile foragers would be particularly challenging using conventional fire frequency metrics (19).”
From Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBecause lightning is abundant in the region and fires were already frequent, it has generally been challenging to unambiguously identify Indigenous contributions to fire regimes using conventional fire frequency metrics.
“Because lightning is abundant in the region and fires were already frequent, it has generally been challenging to unambiguously identify Indigenous contributions to fire regimes using conventional fire frequency metrics (16, 19).”
From Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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Rowe, C., Stevenson, J., Connor, S., & Adeleye, M. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190095611.013.12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sturtevant, B. R., & Hanberry, B. B. (2020) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118681 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Nikolakis, W. D., Schepens, G., Stephens, S. L., Ross, R. M., & Hankins, D. L. (2025) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-025-00399-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Charcoal source area in a landscape dominated by human fire use
Vachula, R. S., & Waters, M. N. (2025) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/09596836251320338 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Human activity may have influenced Holocene wildfire dynamics in boreal eastern Siberia
Glückler, R., Dietze, E., Andreev, A., Kruse, S., Zakharov, E. S., Baisheva, I. A., Stieg, A., Tsuyuzaki, S., Пестрякова, Л. А., & Herzschuh, U. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-03169-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Convection or Indigenous ceremonialism? An alternative explanation for Zea pollen in Santa Fe Lake
Roos, C. I. (2026) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.110187 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman dimension of Holocene wildfire dynamics in boreal eastern SiberiaPreprint
Glückler, R., Dietze, E., ANDREEV, A. A., Kruse, S., Zakharov, E. S., Baisheva, I. A., Stieg, A., Tsuyuzaki, S., Pestryakova, L. A., & Herzschuh, U. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643308
Fire Histories and Rainforest Aboriginal Archaeology in the Wet Tropics Bioregion, North Queensland
Cosgrove, R., Ferrier, Å., King, F., May, L., Haberle, S. G., Raymont, E., Barlow, C., Field, J. H., Moss, P., & Stager, R. (2025) · Archaeology in Oceania/Archæology & physical anthropology in Oceania · doi:10.1002/arco.70010
Weise, D. R., Sackett, S. S., Haase, S. M., Johnson, N., & BURKE, G. J. (2025) · Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s44391-025-00037-5
Gouramanis, C., Chua, S., Etchebes, M., Klinger, Y., Xu, X., & Tapponnier, P. E. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113929
A bat guano-derived perspective on Holocene anthropogenic fire impacts in the southeastern USA
Bauer, S., Tsalickis, A., Burt, E., Warny, S., Campbell, J. W., Cullen, T. M., Karmalkar, A. V., Balascio, N. L., Waters, M. N., & Vachula, R. S. (2026) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.110300
Indigenous cultural burning on the Central California Coast in precolonial times
Lightfoot, K. G., Nelson, P. A., & Stephens, S. L. (2026) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-026-00590-5
- Authors
- Roos, C. I., Williamson, G. J., & Bowman, D. M. J. S.
- Affiliations
- Southern Methodist University (US)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Roos, Christopher I.
- Venue
- Fire
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 42
- ISSN
- 2571-6255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2956317085
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fire (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UTAS Research Repository (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP150101777)
- Samuel Taylor Fellowship (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- paleofire records, fire regime shifts, patch burning, fire frequency, sampling bias, cellular automata model, fire rotation, landscape heterogeneity, fire regime reconstruction
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