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The Regulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Todd, Alison C., Hardingham, Giles E.·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21249607PMC PMC7766851
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Abstract

The astrocytic glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (EAAT1 and EAAT2) play a key role in nervous system function to maintain extracellular glutamate levels at low levels. In physiology, this is essential for the rapid uptake of synaptically released glutamate, maintaining the temporal fidelity of synaptic transmission. However, EAAT1/2 hypo-expression or hypo-function are implicated in several disorders, including epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as being observed naturally with aging. This not only disrupts synaptic information transmission, but in extremis leads to extracellular glutamate accumulation and excitotoxicity. A key facet of EAAT1/2 expression in astrocytes is a requirement for signals from other brain cell types in order to maintain their expression. Recent evidence has shown a prominent role for contact-dependent neuron-to-astrocyte and/or endothelial cell-to-astrocyte Notch signalling for inducing and maintaining the expression of these astrocytic glutamate transporters. The relevance of this non-cell-autonomous dependence to age- and neurodegenerative disease-associated decline in astrocytic EAAT expression is discussed, plus the implications for disease progression and putative therapeutic strategies.

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Metadata

Authors
Todd, A. C., & Hardingham, G. E.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-12-17
Volume
21
Issue
24
Pages
9607
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms21249607
PMC
PMC7766851
Cited by
172
References
20
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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