Spirulina maxima Extract Prevents Neurotoxicity via Promoting Activation of BDNF/CREB Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Cells and Mice
Open accessAbstract
Spirulina maxima is a microalgae which contains flavonoids and other polyphenols. Although Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has diverse beneficial effects, its effects on neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SM70EE against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells. SM70EE inhibited the cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Besides, ROS production was decreased by down-regulating oxidative stress-associated enzymes. SM70EE increased the factors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cyclic AMPresponsive elementbinding protein (CREB) signalling pathways. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was suppressed by SM70EE. Furthermore, we investigated whether SM70EE prevents cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by applying behavioral tests. SM70EE increased step-through latency time and decreased the escape latency time. Therefore, our data suggest that SM70EE may prevent TMT neurotoxicity through promoting activation of BDNF/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathways in neuronal cells. In vivo study, SM70EE would prevent cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
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SM70EE inhibits AChE activity and PARP cleavage, and increases expression of p-CREB, p-TrkB and BDNF, promoting activation of BDNF/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathways in HT-22 neuronal cells.
“SM70EE is able to inhibit AChE activity and PARP cleavage, and increase the expression of p-CREB, p-TrkB and BDNF, promoting the activation of BDNF/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathways in HT-22 neuronal cells [67].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
70% ethanol extract of S. maxima (SM70EE) prevents trimethyltin (TMT) neurotoxicity, such as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction and neuronal death.
“Another study showed that 70% ethanol extract of S. maxima (SM70EE) prevents trimethyltin (TMT) neurotoxicity, such as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction and neuronal death.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Koh, E.-J., Seo, Y.-J., Choi, J., Lee, H. Y., Kang, D.-H., Kim, K.-J., & Lee, B.-Y.
- Affiliations
- CHA University (KR)
- Seowon University (KR)
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Kui-Jin
- Lee, Boo-Yong
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-08-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1363
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6151979
- OpenAlex
- W2745663256
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Spirulina maxima, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity, trimethyltin, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity, cognitive impairment, HT22 cells, ethanol extract, microalgae
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Extracts, Cell Line, Flavonoids, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neurons, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, Signal Transduction, Neuroprotective Agents, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, CREB-Binding Protein, Mice, Spirulina, Polyphenols
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