Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid on scopolamine-induced amnesia via anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative activities in mice
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid is a major polyphenolic component of many plants and beverages, and is particularly abundant in coffee. We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic antagonist, using the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. The chlorogenic acid significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze test, and significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice as measured by the passive avoidance test. In addition, chlorogenic acid decreased escape latencies in the Morris water maze test. In a probe trial session, chlorogenic acid increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Ex vivo, chlorogenic acid inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chlorogenic acid also decreased malondialdehyde levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In vitro, chlorogenic acid was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity (IC₅₀=98.17 μg/ml) and free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=3.09 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that chlorogenic acid may exert anti-amnesic activity via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus and frontal cortex.
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Chlorogenic acid extract reduced AChE activity, oxidative stress, and memory impairment; wild ginseng improved learning and reduced cholinergic loss and AChE activity in the hippocampus.
“chlorogenic acid extract demonstrated neuroprotective effects by reducing AChE activity, oxidative stress, and memory impairment, while wild ginseng also improved learning and reduced cholinergic loss and AChE activity in the hippocampus [57,58].”
From Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants and Their Potential in Alzheimer’s Treatment: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
The fraction of phenolic compounds, consisting mainly of caffeic acid, quinic acid, and the chlorogenic acids family, is suggested to be the main compounds responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of coffee ground extracts.
“It is suggested that the fraction of phenolic compounds, consisting mainly of caffeic acid (CA), quinic acid (QA), and the chlorogenic acids family, are the main compounds responsible for these properties [145,146,147,148,149,150,151].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Kwon, S.-H., Lee, H.-K., Kim, J.-A., Hong, S.-I., Kim, H.-C., Jo, T.-H., Park, Y.-I., Lee, C.-K., Kim, Y.-B., Lee, S.-Y., & Jang, C.-G.
- Affiliations
- Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Korea University (KR)
- Chungbuk National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jang, Choon-Gon
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 649
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 210-217
- ISSN
- 0014-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135086523
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 11.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Antioxidants, Aging, Portulaca oleracea
- Keywords
- chlorogenic acid, scopolamine-induced amnesia, neuroprotection, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, learning and memory impairment, hippocampus, frontal cortex, free radical scavenging, antiamnesic activity, polyphenols, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Amnesia, Animals, Antioxidants, Chlorogenic Acid, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Escape Reaction, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Learning Disabilities, Male, Malondialdehyde, Memory, Short-Term, Mice, Inbred ICR, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuroprotective Agents, Muscarinic Antagonists, Mice, GPI-Linked Proteins
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