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A Five-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement and Home-Based Resistance Exercise Improve Lean Mass and Strength in Free-Living Elderly

Nilsson, Mats I., Mikhail, Andrew, Lan, Lucy, Di Carlo, Alessia, Hamilton, Bethanie, Barnard, Kristin, Hettinga, Bart P., Hatcher, Erin, Tarnopolsky, Milla G., Nederveen, Joshua P., Bujak, Adam L., May, Linda, Tarnopolsky, Mark A.·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12082391
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Abstract

Old age is associated with lower physical activity levels, suboptimal protein intake, and desensitization to anabolic stimuli, predisposing for age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). Although resistance exercise (RE) and protein supplementation partially protect against sarcopenia under controlled conditions, the efficacy of home-based, unsupervised RE (HBRE) and multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) is largely unknown. In this randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial, we examined the effects of HBRE/MIS on muscle mass, strength, and function in free-living, older men. Thirty-two sedentary men underwent twelve weeks of home-based resistance band training (3 d/week), in combination with daily intake of a novel five-nutrient supplement (‘Muscle5’; M5, n = 16, 77.4 ± 2.8 y) containing whey, micellar casein, creatine, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, or an isocaloric/isonitrogenous placebo (PLA; n = 16, 74.4 ± 1.3 y), containing collagen and sunflower oil. Appendicular and total lean mass (ASM; +3%, TLM; +2%), lean mass to fat ratios (ASM/% body fat; +6%, TLM/% body fat; +5%), maximal strength (grip; +8%, leg press; +17%), and function (5-Times Sit-to-Stand time; −9%) were significantly improved in the M5 group following HBRE/MIS therapy (pre vs. post tests; p < 0.05). Fast-twitch muscle fiber cross-sectional areas of the quadriceps muscle were also significantly increased in the M5 group post intervention (Type IIa; +30.9%, Type IIx, +28.5%, p < 0.05). Sub-group analysis indicated even greater gains in total lean mass in sarcopenic individuals following HBRE/MIS therapy (TLM; +1.65 kg/+3.4%, p < 0.05). We conclude that the Muscle5 supplement is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective complement to low-intensity, home-based resistance exercise and improves lean mass, strength, and overall muscle quality in old age.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Nilsson, M. I., Mikhail, A., Lan, L., Di Carlo, A., Hamilton, B., Barnard, K., Hettinga, B. P., Hatcher, E., Tarnopolsky, M. G., Nederveen, J. P., Bujak, A. L., May, L., & Tarnopolsky, M. A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
  • Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-08-10
Volume
12
Issue
8
Pages
2391
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu12082391
Cited by
94
References
42
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (143325)
  • Astellas Pharma US (1)

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