Emotion Self-Regulation in Neurotic Students: A Pilot Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Assess Its Effectiveness through Brain Signals and Behavioral Data
Open accessAbstract
Neuroticism has recently received increased attention in the psychology field due to the finding of high implications of neuroticism on an individual’s life and broader public health. This study aims to investigate the effect of a brief 6-week breathing-based mindfulness intervention (BMI) on undergraduate neurotic students’ emotion regulation. We acquired data of their psychological states, physiological changes, and electroencephalogram (EEG), before and after BMI, in resting states and tasks. Through behavioral analysis, we found the students’ anxiety and stress levels significantly reduced after BMI, with p-values of 0.013 and 0.027, respectively. Furthermore, a significant difference between students in emotion regulation strategy, that is, suppression, was also shown. The EEG analysis demonstrated significant differences between students before and after MI in resting states and tasks. Fp1 and O2 channels were identified as the most significant channels in evaluating the effect of BMI. The potential of these channels for classifying (single-channel-based) before and after BMI conditions during eyes-opened and eyes-closed baseline trials were displayed by a good performance in terms of accuracy (~77%), sensitivity (76–80%), specificity (73–77%), and area-under-the-curve (AUC) (0.66–0.8) obtained by k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Mindfulness can thus improve the self-regulation of the emotional state of neurotic students based on the psychometric and electrophysiological analyses conducted in this study.
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Very few mindfulness practice combined with EEG studies were conducted in college students.
“However, very few mindfulness practice combine with EEG studies were conducted in colleges students (An et al. 2022; A. S. Chan et al. 2008; Izhar et al. 2022).”
From Changes in Mental Health and EEG Biomarkers of Undergraduates Under Different Patterns of Mindfulness (2024) · cites this paper as Izhar et al. 2022
The Discussion and Conclusions (page unavailable) calls this study “one of the few” to combine mindfulness, emotion-regulation and EEG measures in neurotic students. That supports the claim for this narrower group, but does not establish that such studies are rare among college students generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Izhar, L. I., Babiker, A., Rizki, E. E., Lu, C.-K., & Abdul Rahman, M.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Teknologi Petronas (MY)
- The Future University (SD)
- Neuroscience Centre, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta 12130, Indonesia
- National Taiwan Normal University (TW)
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, University of Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
- Corresponding author
- Izhar, Lila Iznita
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-04-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2703
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9002961
- OpenAlex
- W4220867450
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (015LCO-134)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- neuroticism, emotion regulation, mindfulness-based interventions, anxiety, stress, emotional suppression, EEG, undergraduate students
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Brain, Emotions, Humans, Students, Mindfulness
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