The effect of reward on orienting and reorienting in exogenous cuing
Open accessAbstract
It is thought that reward-induced motivation influences perceptual, attentional, and cognitive control processes to facilitate behavioral performance. In this study, we investigated the effect of reward-induced motivation on exogenous attention orienting and inhibition of return (IOR). Attention was captured by peripheral onset cues that were nonpredictive for the target location. Participants performed a target discrimination task at short (170 ms) and long (960 ms) cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies. Reward-induced motivation was manipulated by exposing participants to low- and high-reward blocks. Typical cue facilitation effects on initial orienting were observed for both the low- and high-reward conditions. However, IOR was found only for the high-reward condition. This indicates that reward-induced motivation has a clear effect on reorienting and inhibitory processes following the initial capture of attention, but not on initial exogenous orienting that is considered to be exclusively automatic and stimulus-driven. We suggest that initial orienting is completely data-driven, not affected by top-down motivational processes, while reorienting and the accompanying IOR effect involve motivational top-down processes. To support this, we showed that reward-induced motivational processes and top-down control processes co-act in order to improve behavioral performance: High-reward-induced motivation caused an increase in top-down cognitive control, as signified by posterror slowing. Moreover, we show that personality trait propensity to reward-driven behavior (BAS-Drive scale) was related to reward-triggered behavioral changes in top-down reorienting, but not to changes in automatic orienting.
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Incentives improve performance via motivating strategic processes such as preparation of an appropriate attentional or oculomotor orienting response or facilitating selective attenuation of irrelevant distractors.
“Studies like these suggest that incentives improve performance via motivating strategic processes such as the preparation of an appropriate attentional or oculomotor orienting response (e.g., Bucker & Theeuwes, 2014; Engelmann & Pessoa, 2007; Milstein & Dorris, 2007; Sawaki, Luck, & Raymond, 2015; Small et al., 2005) or facilitating selective attenuation of irrelevant distractors (i.e., attent”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Bucker & Theeuwes, 2014
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that high reward improved performance and affected top-down reorienting and inhibition after attention was captured. It also explicitly says reward did not affect initial orienting. The paper therefore supports an incentive effect on strategic attentional processes, but not the more specific suggestion that incentives improve performance by preparing an initial orienting response. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Bucker, B., & Theeuwes, J.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bucker, Berno
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-03-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 635-646
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC4072916
- OpenAlex
- W2025099632
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- inhibition of return, attentional capture, top-down cognitive control, personality traits, target discrimination
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cues, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Judgment, Male, Orientation, Personality, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Reward, Young Adult, Feedback, Sensory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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