Reward Reduces Conflict by Enhancing Attentional Control and Biasing Visual Cortical Processing
Open accessAbstract
How does motivation interact with cognitive control during challenging behavioral conditions? Here, we investigated the interactions between motivation and cognition during a response conflict task and tested a specific model of the effect of reward on cognitive processing. Behaviorally, participants exhibited reduced conflict during the reward versus no-reward condition. Brain imaging results revealed that a group of subcortical and fronto-parietal regions was robustly influenced by reward at cue processing and, importantly, that cue-related responses in fronto-parietal attentional regions were predictive of reduced conflict-related signals in the medial pFC (MPFC)/ACC during the upcoming target phase. Path analysis revealed that the relationship between cue responses in the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and interference-related responses in the MPFC during the subsequent target phase was mediated via signals in the left fusiform gyrus, which we linked to distractor-related processing. Finally, reward increased functional connectivity between the right IPS and both bilateral putamen and bilateral nucleus accumbens during the cue phase, a relationship that covaried with across-individual sensitivity to reward in the case of the right nucleus accumbens. Taken together, our findings are consistent with a model in which motivationally salient cues are employed to upregulate top–down control processes that bias the selection of visual information, thereby leading to more efficient stimulus processing during conflict conditions.
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Incentive reward evoked activity in large distributed brain networks, particularly those associated with attention and dopamine release.
“studies by Pessoa and colleagues demonstrated that incentive reward evoked activity in large distributed brain networks, particularly those associated with attention and dopamine release (Engelmann et al., 2009; Padmala & Pessoa, 2011; for a review, see Pessoa & Engelmann, 2010).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Padmala & Pessoa, 2011
The Results (Functional MRI results; page not provided) report stronger reward-cue responses in cortical fronto-parietal and subcortical regions. The Discussion identifies the fronto-parietal network as involved in attention and names reward-responsive midbrain sites, but our copy does not identify these networks as associated with dopamine release or measure dopamine release. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Padmala, S., & Pessoa, L.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2011-11-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3419-3432
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- PMC
- PMC3175266
- OpenAlex
- W2164766456
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Lilly Endowment
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH071589)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- reward, cognitive control, response conflict, Stroop-like interference, motivation, attentional control, intraparietal sulcus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, putamen, fusiform gyrus, functional connectivity, top-down control, visual processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Brain Mapping, Conflict, Psychological, Cues, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Personality, Photic Stimulation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Reward, Visual Cortex, Bias, Young Adult
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