Fecal Butyrate Levels Vary Widely among Individuals but Are Usually Increased by a Diet High in Resistant Starch1,2
Open accessAbstract
Butyrate and other SCFA produced by bacterial fermentation of resistant starch (RS) or nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) promote human colonic health. To examine variation in fecal variables, especially butyrate, among individuals and the response to these fibers, a randomized cross-over study was conducted that compared the effects of foods supplying 25 g of NSP or 25 g of NSP plus 22 g of RS/d over 4 wk in 46 healthy adults (16 males, 30 females; age 31-66 y). Fecal SCFA levels varied widely among participants at entry (butyrate concentrations: 3.5-32.6 mmol/kg; butyrate excretions: 0.3-18.2 mmol/48 h). BMI explained 27% of inter-individual butyrate variation, whereas protein, starch, carbohydrate, fiber, and fat intake explained up to 16, 6, 2, 4, and 2% of butyrate variation, respectively. Overall, acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations were higher when participants consumed RS compared with entry and NSP diets, but individual responses varied. Individual and total fecal SCFA excretion, weight, and moisture were higher than those for habitual diets when either fiber diet was consumed. SCFA concentrations (except butyrate) and excretions were higher for males than for females. Butyrate levels increased in response to RS in most individuals but often decreased when entry levels were high. Fecal butyrate and ammonia excretions were positively associated ((2) = 0.76; P < 0.001). In conclusion, fecal butyrate levels vary widely among individuals but consuming a diet high in RS usually increases levels and may help maintain colorectal health.
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Human fecal SCFA levels are approximately 60 g/kg for acetate, 10-20 g/kg for propionate, and 3.5-32.6 g/kg for butyrate.
“Levels of SCFAs in human feces are approximately 60 g/kg for acetate, 10-20 g/kg for propionate and 3.5-32.6g/kg for butyrate (Macfarlane and Macfarlane, 2003;McOrist et al., 2011)”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as McOrist et al., 2011
The Discussion table reports acetate concentrations near 60 and propionate concentrations around 10–20, but in mmol/kg, not g/kg. The 'Fecal variables: ranges at entry and individual responses to diet' section gives the 3.5–32.6 butyrate range, also in mmol/kg. The claim reproduces the numerical values but assigns the wrong unit to all three. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- McOrist, A. L., Miller, R. B., Bird, A. R., Keogh, J. B., Noakes, M., Topping, D. L., & Conlon, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Conlon, Michael A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 883-889
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135928643
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- short-chain fatty acids, resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharides, dietary fiber, interindividual variability, colonic fermentation, acetate, ammonia excretion, sex differences, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Ammonia, Butyrates, Diet, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Feces, Female, Fermentation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Polysaccharides, Sex Characteristics, Starch, Water, Reproducibility of Results, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies
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