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Cited by 1Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Prise en charge des troubles anxieux dans le cadre d'atteintes neurologiques

Open access
Laure Bruggimann, Jean‐Marie Annoni·2004·Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie
DOI 10.4414/sanp.2004.01536
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Abstract

Neuropsychiatric sequelae are a significant cause of morbidity in neurological patients. Current studies suggest that anxiety is frequent (about 20 to 30%) in all these conditions. Neurobiological, environmental and dispositional factors may be implicated in the development of anxiety suggesting that several ways of intervention are worth to be considered, e.g. pharmacological, socio-educative or psychotherapeutic interventions. Anxiety disorders following medical problems are often undiagnosed or inadequately treated. This may reflect difficulties with the diagnosis of affective disorders among people with neurological affections, but may also reflect uncertainty about the effectiveness of interventions in this setting. This review addresses the emergence of anxiety disorders in three classical neurological conditions, namely stroke, dementia and multiple sclerosis. Prevalence of anxiety, characteristics, contributing factors and associated cerebral lesions are discussed for each of these neurological conditions. Existing research literature on psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions to manage anxiety is then reported. Pharmacological therapy is not considered. Any psychotherapeutic treatment is necessarily limited by the cognitive and the behavioural disorders characterising each neurological condition. Consequently, usefulness of the intervention should always be evaluated in the context of a specific disease. The paucity of research and the methodological limitations in existing studies prevent a conclusion as any psychological intervention has empirical support for its effectiveness. However, different approaches seem to be worthy of further investigation. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an appropriate treatment for some anxious or depressed patients with cerebrovascular disease or multiple sclerosis. This approach includes identification and modification of unhelpful thoughts and beliefs, activity scheduling and graded task assignment. There are very few controlled studies, but they suggest that this kind of therapy may have the same effect as pharmacological treatments. Mood, anxiety, adherence to medications and appraisal of self-control are susceptible to improvement after cognitive behaviour therapy. Interesting results may also be obtained using educative programmes. Preliminary results indicate that a brief intervention designed to change patients' illness perceptions can result in improved functional outcome after severe medical affection. Combined with cognitive behaviour therapy, such an approach is promising. Therapy has to be adapted particularly in dementia, where cognitive and behavioural disorders are the most pronounced. Group interventions based on verbal or non verbal (e.g. painting) interactions reveal interesting therapeutic effects such as the dissolution of anxiety into the group, the acceptance of aging or the reaffirmation of oneself through the act of creating.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4414/sanp.2004.01536

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

4 of 64 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Post-stroke anxiety is not necessarily linked to the severity of functional sequelae.

    “Elle est plus fréquente en cas d'antécédents d'alcoolisme [6,11], chez les femmes [8,12] et chez les jeunes patients [12], mais elle ne serait pas nécessairement liée à la gravité des séquelles fonctionnelles [6,11,13].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. Tesar N, Baumhackl U, Kopp M, Günther V. Effects of psychological group therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107:394-9. source

      The study overview describes patients with multiple sclerosis, not stroke survivors. The Discussion addresses therapy effects on anxiety, while the clinical-variables section reports disability scores; neither examines whether anxiety is related to the severity of functional sequelae. Searches for post-stroke anxiety and for an anxiety–disability relationship found no such finding in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [11] 11. Sampson MJ, Kinderman P, Watts S, Sembi S. Psychopathology and autobiographical memor y in stroke and non-stroke hospitalised patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2003;18:23-32.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [13] 13. Schultz SK, Castillo CS, Kosier JT, Robison RG. Generalized anxiety and depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr y 1997;5:229-37.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Premisecitation

    Right lateralization for isolated anxiety symptoms has not always been confirmed.

    “Cette latéralisation droite n'a toutefois pas toujours été confirmée [6,13].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. Tesar N, Baumhackl U, Kopp M, Günther V. Effects of psychological group therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107:394-9. source

      The Discussion reports that group therapy did not change state-anxiety scores in patients with multiple sclerosis. It does not address whether isolated anxiety symptoms are lateralized to the right; searches for right lateralization and hemispheric asymmetry found no relevant passage in our copy. No page numbers were provided for the passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [13] 13. Schultz SK, Castillo CS, Kosier JT, Robison RG. Generalized anxiety and depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr y 1997;5:229-37.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Premisecitation

    In the acute phase, about 20 to 30% of stroke patients have an anxiety disorder, with or without associated depressive symptoms.

    “En phase aiguë, environ 20 à 30% des patients présentent un trouble anxieux, avec ou sans symptômes dépressifs associés [6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. Tesar N, Baumhackl U, Kopp M, Günther V. Effects of psychological group therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107:394-9. source

      The introductory section reports a 19–34% prevalence of anxiety disorders in people with multiple sclerosis, broadly resembling the claimed percentage. It does not give a prevalence for stroke patients in the acute phase or say whether anxiety occurs with or without depressive symptoms; the Subjects section instead says patients hospitalized during an acute phase were excluded. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Post-stroke anxiety is more frequent in patients with a history of alcoholism.

    “Elle est plus fréquente en cas d'antécédents d'alcoolisme [6,11], chez les femmes [8,12] et chez les jeunes patients [12], mais elle ne serait pas nécessairement liée à la gravité des séquelles fonctionnelles [6,11,13].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. Tesar N, Baumhackl U, Kopp M, Günther V. Effects of psychological group therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;107:394-9. source

      The study description and Discussion concern psychological group therapy and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis, not post-stroke anxiety. Searches for stroke, alcoholism, and alcohol history found no passage assessing whether anxiety is more frequent after stroke in patients with a history of alcoholism. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [11] 11. Sampson MJ, Kinderman P, Watts S, Sembi S. Psychopathology and autobiographical memor y in stroke and non-stroke hospitalised patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2003;18:23-32.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Interpretationreasoning

    CBT is an appropriate treatment for some anxious or depressed patients with cerebrovascular disease or multiple sclerosis.

    “Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an appropriate treatment for some anxious or depressed patients with cerebrovascular disease or multiple sclerosis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 20
  • May combine two claims. 23

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Patients' perceptions and beliefs are determinants in recovery after severe medical pathologies such as myocardial infarction.

    “Il a été en effet démontré que les perceptions et les croyances des patients sont déterminantes dans la récupération après des pathologies médicales sévères telles que l'infarctus du myocarde [4].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] 4. Bruchon-Schweitzer M. Psychologie de la santé. Modèles, concepts et méthodes. Paris: Dunod; 2002.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    15% of patients with various neurological disorders give a congruent medical explanation of their disease, while more than a third invoke a psychological cause.

    “Selon une récente étude [2], 15% des patients avec différents troubles neurologiques donnent une explication médicale congruente de leur maladie, tandis que plus d'un tiers invoquent une cause psychologique.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [2] 2. Jopson NM, Moss-Morris R. The role of illness severity and illness representations in adjusting to multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:503-11. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisereasoning

    Mood, anxiety, adherence to medications and appraisal of self-control are susceptible to improvement after CBT.

    “Mood, anxiety, adherence to medications and appraisal of self-control are susceptible to improvement after cognitive behaviour therapy.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    There are very few controlled studies, but they suggest that CBT may have the same effect as pharmacological treatments.

    “There are very few controlled studies, but they suggest that this kind of therapy may have the same effect as pharmacological treatments.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    In most currently available studies, the intervention targets anxiety and depressive symptoms indistinctly.

    “Par ailleurs, dans la plupart des études actuellement disponibles, l'intervention cible indistinctement les symptômes anxieux et les symptômes dépressifs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The absence of observed effect on mood suggests the utility of combining the educational approach with cognitive techniques that specifically target negative thoughts.

    “L'absence d'effet constaté sur l'humeur des patients suggère l'utilité d'associer à l'approche éducative, des techniques cognitives qui ciblent spécifiquement les pensées négatives.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Art therapy offers an interesting possibility of non-verbal communication that seems to have proven itself in elderly with cognitive disorders when deteriorated language capacities limit the expression of emotions.

    “L'art-thérapie offre une possibilité intéressante de communication non verbale qui semble avoir fait ses preuves chez les âgés avec troubles cognitifs, lorsque les capacités langagières détériorées limitent l'expression des émotions [28].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [28] 28. Canuto A. Hôpital de jour psychogériatrique: une expérience de communauté thérapeutique. Méd Hyg 2004;62:1429-32.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Miche et al. demonstrate the efficacy of an educational program on cardiopulmonary parameters and physical well-being, but not on depression and anxiety measures.

    “De leur côté, Miche et al. [19] démontrent l'efficacité d'un programme éducatif sur les paramètres cardio-pulmonaires et sur le sentiment de bien-être physique des patients, mais pas sur les mesures de dépression et d'anxiété.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] 19. Weinstein ND. Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science 1989;246:1232-3.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Moran et al. show that 55.8% of their patients with mild Alzheimer's disease have anxiety symptoms, while 42.5% have signs of depression.

    “Moran et al. [20] montrent que 55,8% de leurs patients avec une maladie d'Alzheimer de forme légère présentent des symptômes anxieux, tandis que 42,5% présentent des signes de dépression.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [20] 20. Miche E, Herrmann G, Wirtz U, Laki H, Barth M, Radzewitz A. Effects of education, self-care instruction and physical exercise on patients with chronic heart failure. Z Kardiol 2003;92:985-93. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In the immediate aftermath of a major health event, future risks are perceived most realistically, making individuals more receptive to behavior-change interventions.

    “En effet, ce serait dans les suites immédiates d'un accident de santé majeur que les risques futurs seraient perçus de la façon la plus réaliste par les individus qui seraient ainsi davantage réceptifs aux interventions visant un changement de comportement.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] 18. Petrie KJ, Cameron LD, Ellis CJ, Buick D, Weinman J. Changing illness perceptions after myocardial infarction: an early inter vention randomised controlled trial. Psychosom Med 2002;64:580-6. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Anxiety is independent of the patient's cognitive state or demographic parameters.

    “En revanche, elle serait indépendante de l'état cognitif du patient ou des paramètres démographiques [23].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [23] 23. Har wood DG, Sultzer DL, Wheatley MV. Impaired insight in Alzheimer's disease: association with cognitive deficits, psychiatric symptoms, and behavioral disturbances. Neuropsychiatr y Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2000;13: 83-8.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Despite contradictory results, CBT shows demonstrated efficacy in some patients.

    “Malgré des résultats contradictoires, celles-ci font preuve d'une efficacité démontrée chez certains patients.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] 15. Kneebone II, Dumore E. Psychological management of post-stroke depression. Br J Clin Psychol 2000;39:53-65. source
    • cites [16] 16. Lincoln NB, Flannaghan T, Rother L. Evaluation of cognitive behavioural treatment for depression after stroke: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil 1997;11:114-22. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Two studies converge on left lateralization for associated anxiety and depressive symptoms, while isolated anxiety symptoms are more often found after right lesions.

    “Concernant les lésions cérébrales associées à l'anxiété post-AVC, deux études convergent vers une latéralisation gauche en cas de symptômes anxieux et dépressifs associés, tandis que la présence de symptômes anxieux isolés serait plus souvent relevée après des lésions droites [7,11].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [7] 7. Starkstein SE, Cohen BS, Fedoroff P, Parikh RM, Price TR, Robinson RG. Relationship between anxiety dis- orders and depression disorders in patients with cerebro- vascular injur y. Arch Gen Psychiatr y 1990;47:246-51.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [11] 11. Sampson MJ, Kinderman P, Watts S, Sembi S. Psychopathology and autobiographical memor y in stroke and non-stroke hospitalised patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2003;18:23-32.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Canuto reported a positive experience of a day hospital based on the concept of therapeutic community.

    “Récemment, Canuto [27] a rapporté une expérience positive d'un hôpital de jour basé sur le concept de communauté thérapeutique.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27] 27. Bramesfeld A, Adler G, Brassen S, Schnitzler M. Day-clinic treatment of late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2001;16:82-7. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Petrie et al. show that brief interventions targeting individual illness beliefs favorably and durably modify perceptions, accelerate return to work, and decrease somatic symptoms.

    “Dans une étude contrôlée, Petrie et al. [17] montrent que des interventions brèves et ciblées sur les croyances individuelles du patient concernant sa maladie permettent de modifier favorablement et durablement ses perceptions, d'accélérer la reprise professionnelle et de diminuer les symptômes somatiques.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [17] 17. Lincoln NB, Flannaghan T. Cognitive behavioural psycho- therapy for depression following stroke. A randomised controlled trial. Stroke 2003;34:111-5.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Despite the increasingly accepted idea that age is not in itself a contraindication to psychotherapy, work in this domain is relatively rare and carried out on small groups of patients.

    “Malgré l'idée de plus en plus acceptée selon laquelle l'âge ne constitue pas en soi une contre-indication à la psychothérapie, les travaux dans ce domaine sont relativement rares et réalisés sur des petits groupes de patients.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    In dementia, classical psychotherapeutic approaches are not applicable as such, mainly because of the importance of cognitive impairment and also behavioral disorders.

    “Dans la démence, les approches psychothérapeutiques classiques ne sont pas applicables telles quelles, en raison essentiellement de l'importance des atteintes cognitives mais aussi des troubles du comportement.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Post-traumatic stress reactions have been observed after stroke with a prevalence rate varying from 6 to 20% depending on the study.

    “Plus récemment, des réactions associées à un état de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) ont été observées 1 dans les suites d'un accident vasculaire cérébral avec un taux de prévalence variant de 6 à 20% selon les études [9,10].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [9] 9. Bur vill PW, Johnson GA, Jamrozik KD, Anderson CS, Stewart-Wynne EG, Chakera TME. Anxiety disorders after stroke: results from the Perth Community Stroke Study. Br J Psychiatr y 1995;166:328-32.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [10] 10. Berr y E. Post-traumatic stress disorder after subarach- noid haemorrhage. Br J Clin Psychol 1998;37:365-7.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Anxiety in demented patients is associated with better self-awareness and is more pronounced at the beginning of the disease.

    “L'anxiété chez le patient dément serait associée à une meilleure autocritique et serait plus prononcée en début de maladie [22].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [22] 22. Hirono N, Cummings JL. Neuropsychiatric aspects of dementia with Lewy bodies. Curr Psychiatr y Rep 1999;1:85-92. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Day hospitals have positive effects on depression, as demonstrated by Bramesfeld et al.

    “Elle se développe le plus souvent dans des structures telles que les hôpitaux de jour dont les effets positifs sur la dépression ont été démontrés par Bramesfeld et al. [26].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [26] 26. Burney-Puckett M. Sundown syndrome: etiology and management. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Ser v 1996;34:40-3.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Anxiety is frequent in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia but can also be observed in Lewy body disease or non-degenerative dementias, notably vascular, infectious or inflammatory.

    “Elle est fréquente dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et dans la démence fronto-temporale mais elle peut également s'observer dans la maladie à corps de Lewy ou dans les démences non dégénératives, notamment vasculaires, infectieuses ou inflammatoires [21].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] 21. Moran M, Walsh C, Lynch A, Coen RF, Coakley D, Lawlor BA. Syndromes of behavioural and psychological symptoms in mild Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2004;19:359-64. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to Ballard et al., there are at least three categories of anxiety disorders in dementia: anxiety in the context of depression, situational anxiety involving awareness of illness and fear of failure in interpersonal exchanges, and anxiety linked to psychotic manifestations.

    “Selon Ballard et al. [24], il existerait au moins trois catégories de troubles: (1) l'anxiété dans le contexte d'une dépression, (2) l'anxiété situationnelle qui implique une certaine conscience de la maladie et qui correspond à une peur de l'échec lors des échanges interpersonnels, (3) l'anxiété liée à des manifestations psychotiques qui serait plus fréquente chez la personne atteinte de troubles”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [24] 24. Lebert F, Robert P, Rigaud SA. Management of behavioral disorders in dementia patients. Rev Neurol 2000;156:767-72.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    About one quarter of demented subjects show a sundowning phenomenon manifested by agitation and confusion at the end of the day, often generating anxiety.

    “Par ailleurs, on observe chez environ un quart des sujets déments un phénomène de «coucher du soleil» qui se manifeste par un état d'agitation et de confusion en fin de journée et qui est souvent générateur d'anxiété [25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] 25. Ballard C, Boyle A, Bowler C, Lindesay J. Anxiety disorders in dementia sufferers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 1996;11:987-90. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    According to Weinstein, early interventions are particularly effective.

    “Selon Weinstein [18], les interventions précoces seraient particulièrement efficaces.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] 18. Petrie KJ, Cameron LD, Ellis CJ, Buick D, Weinman J. Changing illness perceptions after myocardial infarction: an early inter vention randomised controlled trial. Psychosom Med 2002;64:580-6. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In multiple sclerosis, the frequency of anxiety disorders varies from 19 to 34%, which according to one study represents a prevalence three times higher than that of depressive disorders.

    “Dans la sclérose en plaques, la fréquence des troubles anxieux varie de 19 à 34%, ce qui représenterait selon une étude, une prévalence trois fois supérieure à celle des troubles dépressifs [31].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [31] 31. Camberg L, Woods P, Ooi WL, Hurley A, Volicer L, Ashley J, et al. Evaluation of Simulated Presence: a personalized approach to enhance well-being in persons with Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47:446-52. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    A review of psychotherapeutic approaches in stroke shows that studies in the field are still unsophisticated and often do not respect standard criteria for evaluating treatment effects.

    “Une revue des différentes approches psychothérapeutiques dans le cadre des accidents vasculaires cérébraux montre que les études dans le domaine sont encore peu sophistiquées et que bien souvent, elles ne respectent pas les critères standard qui doivent être normalement observés pour évaluer les effets d'une prise en charge [14].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [14] 14. Castillo CS, Schultz SK, Robinson RG. Clinical correlates of early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety. Am J Psychiatr y 1995;152:1174-9.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Results of psychotherapeutic techniques in dementia are generally controversial and there is not yet a prescription rule in this domain.

    “Les résultats sont généralement controversés et il n'existe pas encore de règle de prescription dans ce domaine.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Anxiety and depression are not incompatible with anosognosia of the neurological disorder, suggesting that anxiety symptoms do not simply reflect a psychological reaction to the disease.

    “Par ailleurs, l'anxiété comme la dépression, n'est pas incompatible avec une anosognosie du trouble neurologique, ce qui suggère que les symptômes anxieux ne traduisent pas simplement une réaction psychologique face à la maladie.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Camberg et al. report interesting results in patients at a moderate or advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease.

    “Camberg et al. [30] rapportent des résultats intéressants chez des patients se trouvant à un stade modéré ou avancé de la maladie d'Alzheimer.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] 30. Woods P, Ashley J. Simulated presence therapy: using selected memories to manage problem behaviors in Alzheimer's disease patients. Geriatr Nurs 1995;16:9-14. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Agoraphobic disorders after stroke are described as an excessive fear of presenting a cerebrovascular recurrence in a situation or place from which it might be difficult to escape.

    “On a également rapporté des troubles agoraphobiques après un accident vasculaire cérébral qui sont décrits comme une crainte démesurée de présenter une récidive cérébro-vasculaire dans une situation ou un endroit dont il pourrait être difficile de s'échapper [8].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [8] 8. Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke 1996;27:270-5.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The effect size of insight-oriented group therapy is less important than with CBT and the number of sessions needed would be higher.

    “La taille de l'effet est toutefois moins importante qu'avec la thérapie cognitivocomportementale et le nombre de séances nécessaires serait plus élevé.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [42] 42. Crawford JD, McIvor GP. Stress management for multiple sclerosis patients. Psychol Rep 1987;61:423-9. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Evaluating and working with patients on their confidence in their own capacities to cope would be an important aspect of the psychotherapeutic process.

    “Evaluer puis travailler avec les patients sur la confiance qu'ils ont en leurs propres capacités à faire face serait un aspect important du processus psychothérapeutique [44].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [44] 44. Crawford JD, McIvor GP. Group psychotherapy: benefits in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66:810-3.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    No cerebral localization has been specifically associated with anxiety in multiple sclerosis, unlike depression which is more frequent after right or left frontotemporal damage.

    “Jusqu'à présent, aucune localisation cérébrale n'a été spécifiquement associée à l'anxiété dans la sclérose en plaques, à l'inverse de la dépression qui serait plus fréquente suite à une atteinte fronto-temporale droite [36] ou gauche [37].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [36] 36. S C H W E I Z E R A R C H I V F Ü R N E U R O L O G I E U N D P S Y C H I A T R I E 1 5 5 n 8 / 2 0 0 4 35

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [37] 37. Janssens AC, van Doorn PA, de Boer JB, van der Meche FG, Passchier J, Hintzen RQ. Perception of prognostic risk in patients with multiple sclerosis: the relationship with anxiety, depression, and disease- related distress. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:180-6. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In one study, positive effects of therapy are maintained at least 6 months after the intervention; in another, therapy affects not only mood but also treatment adherence.

    “Dans l'une de ces études [39], les effets positifs de la thérapie sont maintenus au moins 6 mois après l'intervention tandis que dans une autre la thérapie se répercute non seulement sur l'humeur mais aussi sur l'adhérence au traitement [41].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [39] 39. Feinstein A, Roy P, Lobaugh N, Feinstein K, O'Connor P, Black S. Structural brain abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients with major depression. Neurology 2004;62:586-90. source
    • cites [41] 41. Foley FW, Bedell JR, LaRocca NG, Scheinberg LC, Reznikoff M. Efficacy of stress-inoculation training in coping with multiple sclerosis. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55:919-22. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Anxiety is strongly linked to the perception of risk of being dependent on a wheelchair in the near future, while the same risk evaluated for the distant future has no impact on current anxiety level.

    “Par ailleurs, l'anxiété est fortement liée à la perception du risque d'être dépendant d'une chaise roulante dans le futur proche tandis que le même risque évalué pour un futur lointain n'a pas d'incidence sur le niveau d'anxiété actuel 2 [35].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] 35. Janssens AC, van Doorn PA, de Boer JB, van der Meche FG, Passchier J, Hintzen RQ. Impact of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis on quality of life, anxiety, depression and distress of patients and partners. Acta Neurol Scand 2003;108:389-95.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The direct link between beliefs and health behaviors, and the fact that these beliefs can be identified rapidly after the medical affection, is important.

    “Le lien direct entre les croyances et les comportements de santé ainsi que le fait que ces croyances peuvent être identifiées rapidement après l'affection médicale est important.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
36 of 36

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Anxiety is frequent (about 20 to 30%) in all the neurological conditions discussed.

    “Current studies suggest that anxiety is frequent (about 20 to 30%) in all these conditions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Anxiety disorders following medical problems are often undiagnosed or inadequately treated.

    “Anxiety disorders following medical problems are often undiagnosed or inadequately treated.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Neuropsychiatric sequelae are a significant cause of morbidity in neurological patients.

    “Neuropsychiatric sequelae are a significant cause of morbidity in neurological patients.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Emotional disorders following neurological damage contribute largely to handicap and reduced quality of life.

    “Les troubles émotionnels consécutifs aux atteintes neurologiques participent largement au handicap et à la réduction de la qualité de vie des patients.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Post-stroke anxiety is often associated with post-stroke depression.

    “L'anxiété post-AVC est souvent associée à une dépression post-AVC.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In the elderly, the clinical presentation of affective disorders is generally less obvious and less clear than in adults.

    “Chez le sujet âgé, la présentation clinique des troubles affectifs est généralement moins évidente et moins nette que chez l'adulte.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Anxiety symptomatology is often inseparable from depressive symptomatology.

    “Notamment la symptomatologie anxieuse est souvent indissociable d'une symptomatologie dépressive.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In Alzheimer's disease, the frequency of depressive disorders varies between 10 and 50% depending on studies, most cases being mixed anxious and depressive.

    “Dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, il existe tout un registre de perturbations thymiques allant de la dysphorie à un état dépressif majeur dont la fréquence varie entre 10 et 50% selon les études, la plupart des cas étant de forme mixte, anxieuse et dépressive.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In multiple sclerosis, anxiety is more frequent in women and is more marked when the first relapse occurs early in life.

    “Elle est plus fréquente chez les femmes et elle est d'autant plus marquée lorsque la première poussée survient tôt dans la vie de la personne.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Patients with multiple sclerosis face intense stress including diagnostic ambiguity, symptom variability, unpredictability of relapses and remissions, absence of curative treatment, and reactions of others to visible symptoms such as spasticity and ataxia.

    “Les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques doivent faire face à un stress intense incluant l'ambiguïté du diagnostic, la variabilité des symptômes, l'imprévisibilité des poussées et rémissions, l'absence de traitement curatif et les réactions des tiers aux symptômes visibles comme la spasticité et l'ataxie.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Psychological and medical comorbidity is complex and interacts at a variety of levels.

    “La comorbidité psychologique et médicale est complexe et interagit sur une variété de niveaux.”
11 of 11

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. [3]3. Croquelois A, Assal G, Annoni JM, Staub F, Gronchi A, Bruggimann L, et al. Diseases of the ner vous system: patient's etiological beliefs. JNNP (in press).
  2. [7]7. Starkstein SE, Cohen BS, Fedoroff P, Parikh RM, Price TR, Robinson RG. Relationship between anxiety dis- orders and depression disorders in patients with cerebro- vascular injur y. Arch Gen Psychiatr y 1990;47:246-51.
  3. [8]8. Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke 1996;27:270-5.
  4. [11]11. Sampson MJ, Kinderman P, Watts S, Sembi S. Psychopathology and autobiographical memor y in stroke and non-stroke hospitalised patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr y 2003;18:23-32.
  5. [13]13. Schultz SK, Castillo CS, Kosier JT, Robison RG. Generalized anxiety and depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr y 1997;5:229-37.
  6. [17]17. Lincoln NB, Flannaghan T. Cognitive behavioural psycho- therapy for depression following stroke. A randomised controlled trial. Stroke 2003;34:111-5.
  7. [23]23. Har wood DG, Sultzer DL, Wheatley MV. Impaired insight in Alzheimer's disease: association with cognitive deficits, psychiatric symptoms, and behavioral disturbances. Neuropsychiatr y Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2000;13: 83-8.
  8. [28]28. Canuto A. Hôpital de jour psychogériatrique: une expérience de communauté thérapeutique. Méd Hyg 2004;62:1429-32.
  9. [29]29. Tzaut Sciarini P. L'art-thérapie en psychiatrie de l'âgé. Méd Hyg 2004;62:1438-42.
  10. [33]33. Leger E, Freeston MH, Ladouceur R, Noreau L, Tremblay L. Manifestations anxieuses chez des personnes ayant la sclérose en plaques ou une autre déficience physique. J Réadapt Méd 1998;18:4-8.

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Authors
Bruggimann, L., & Annoni, J.
Affiliations
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
Corresponding author
Laure Bruggimann
ORCID
Jean‐Marie Annoni
Venue
Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie
Publisher
EMH Swiss Medical Publishers, Ltd.
Published
2004-12-01
Volume
155
Issue
08
Pages
407-413
ISSN
  • 0258-7661 (ISSN-L)
  • 1661-3686
DOI
10.4414/sanp.2004.01536
OpenAlex
W2525855482
Semantic Scholar
568278a692e381aea715bb85090071bc4026bf35
Cited by
1
References
36
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
anxiety disorders, neurological disorders, stroke, dementia, multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric sequelae, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapeutic interventions, educational intervention, illness perception, group intervention, medication adherence, self-control

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