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Cited by 34Philosophy and Theoretical ScienceVisual perception and processing mechanismsFree Will and Agency

Conscious Perception and the Prefrontal Cortex A Review

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Michel, Matthias·2022·Journal of Consciousness Studies
DOI 10.53765/20512201.29.7.115
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Abstract

Is perceptual processing in dedicated sensory areas sufficient for conscious perception? Localists say, 'Yes — given some background conditions.' Prefrontalists say, 'No: conscious perceptual experience requires the involvement of prefrontal structures.' I review the evidence for prefrontalism. I start by presenting correlational evidence. In doing so, I answer the 'report argument', according to which the apparent involvement of the prefrontal cortex in consciousness stems from the requirement for reports. I then review causal evidence for prefrontalism and answer the 'lesion argument', which purports to show that prefrontalism is wrong because lesions to the prefrontal cortex do not abolish consciousness. I conclude that multiple sources of evidence converge toward the view that the prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in consciousness.

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  • This evidence counts against non-local views insofar as they claim that functions in the prefrontal cortex are necessary for consciousness.

    “This counts against non-”

    From Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness (2023) · cites this paper as Michel 2022

    The paper argues that prefrontal involvement is important for consciousness, rather than treating the reviewed evidence as counting against it. In §2.4, it specifically says that lesion case studies based on patients’ spontaneous reports do not provide evidence against prefrontalist theories. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Most theories of phenomenal consciousness in humans either tacitly or explicitly appeal to cortical mechanisms.

    “Most theories of phenomenal consciousness in humans either tacitly [11,12] or explicitly [13,14] appeal to cortical mechanisms.”

    From Phenomenal interface theory: a model for basal consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Abstract and Introduction contrast prominent localist and prefrontalist theories, both of which appeal to cortical structures, and the Introduction names several examples. But the Introduction says the review focuses primarily on visual conscious perception and does not discuss several other kinds of experience; it does not establish the claim about most theories of phenomenal consciousness in humans generally. Our copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.81)

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  • Metacognitive judgments are imperfect but have some advantages over asking subjects to report their conscious experiences.

    “Again, this method is imperfect, but it has some advantages over asking subjects to report their conscious experiences (Morales & Lau 2021;Michel 2022).”

    From Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness (2023) · cites this paper as Michel 2022

    Section 2.2 discusses confounds in subjective reports, and the section on contrastive analysis without reports discusses no-report paradigms. Neither compares metacognitive judgments with reports of conscious experience or says that such judgments have advantages despite being imperfect. Searches for metacognitive judgments, confidence ratings, and the claimed comparison found no passage addressing it. (LLM, conf=0.73)

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Authors
Michel, M.
Affiliations
New York University (US)
Corresponding author
Michel, Matthias
ORCID
Michel, Matthias
Venue
Journal of Consciousness Studies
Publisher
Imprint Academic Ltd
Published
2022-07-14
Volume
29
Issue
7
Pages
115-157
ISSN
1355-8250 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.53765/20512201.29.7.115
OpenAlex
W4286239130
Cited by
33
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
FWCI
6.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Consciousness Studies (publishedVersion)
  • PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
Keywords
conscious perception, prefrontal cortex, localism, consciousness, prefrontal cortex lesions, sensory processing

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