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Cited by 121Anesthesia and Sedative AgentsFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAnesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research

Disconnecting Consciousness: Is There a Common Anesthetic End Point?

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Hudetz, Anthony G., Mashour, George A.·2016·Anesthesia & Analgesia
DOI 10.1213/ane.0000000000001353PMC PMC5073005
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Abstract

A quest for a systems-level neuroscientific basis of anesthetic-induced loss and return of consciousness has been in the forefront of research for the past 2 decades. Recent advances toward the discovery of underlying mechanisms have been achieved using experimental electrophysiology, multichannel electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. By the careful dosing of various volatile and IV anesthetic agents to the level of behavioral unresponsiveness, both specific and common changes in functional and effective connectivity across large-scale brain networks have been discovered and interpreted in the context of how the synthesis of neural information might be affected during anesthesia. The results of most investigations to date converge toward the conclusion that a common neural correlate of anesthetic-induced unresponsiveness is a consistent depression or functional disconnection of lateral frontoparietal networks, which are thought to be critical for consciousness of the environment. A reduction in the repertoire of brain states may contribute to the anesthetic disruption of large-scale information integration leading to unconsciousness. In future investigations, a systematic delineation of connectivity changes with multiple anesthetics using the same experimental design, and the same analytical method will be desirable. The critical neural events that account for the transition between responsive and unresponsive states should be assessed at similar anesthetic doses just below and above the loss or return of responsiveness. There will also be a need to identify a robust, sensitive, and reliable measure of information transfer. Ultimately, finding a behavior-independent measure of subjective experience that can track covert cognition in unresponsive subjects and a delineation of causal factors versus correlated events will be essential to understand the neuronal basis of human consciousness and unconsciousness.

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  • Frontal-parietal networks are metabolically depressed, disrupted, or functionally disconnected by all major classes of general anesthetics.

    “Frontal-parietal networks are of particular importance in this regard and have been found to be metabolically depressed, disrupted, or functionally disconnected by all major classes of general anesthetics (Hudetz and Mashour, 2016).”

    From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Hudetz and Mashour, 2016

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Authors
Hudetz, A. G., & Mashour, G. A.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Hudetz, Anthony G.
ORCID
Venue
Anesthesia & Analgesia
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2016-11
Volume
123
Issue
5
Pages
1228-1240
ISSN
0003-2999 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1213/ane.0000000000001353
PMC
PMC5073005
OpenAlex
W2467813275
Cited by
121
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
FWCI
2.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • James S. McDonnell Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM056398, R01GM098578, R01GM111293, R01GM103894)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Keywords
anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, consciousness, neural correlates of consciousness, functional connectivity, large-scale brain networks, information integration, loss of response, information transmission, anesthetic dose-response
MeSH terms
Anesthesia, Anesthetics, Brain, Consciousness, Electroencephalography, Humans, Nerve Net

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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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