Disruption of frontal-parietal communication by ketamine, propofol, and sevoflurane
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Introduction: Directional connectivity from anterior to posterior brain regions (or “feedback” connectivity) has been shown to be inhibited by propofol and sevoflurane. In this study the authors tested the hypothesis that ketamine would also inhibit cortical feedback connectivity in frontoparietal networks. Methods: Surgical patients (n = 30) were recruited for induction of anesthesia with intravenous ketamine (2 mg/kg); electroencephalography of the frontal and parietal regions was acquired. The authors used normalized symbolic transfer entropy, a computational method based on information theory, to measure directional connectivity across frontal and parietal regions. Statistical analysis of transfer entropy measures was performed with the permutation test and the time-shift test to exclude false-positive connectivity. For comparison, the authors used normalized symbolic transfer entropy to reanalyze electroencephalographic data gathered from surgical patients receiving either propofol (n = 9) or sevoflurane (n = 9) for anesthetic induction. Results: Ketamine reduced alpha power and increased gamma power, in contrast to both propofol and sevoflurane. During administration of ketamine, feedback connectivity gradually diminished and was significantly inhibited after loss of consciousness (mean ± SD of baseline and anesthesia: 0.0074 ± 0.003 and 0.0055 ± 0.0027; F (5, 179) = 7.785, P < 0.0001). By contrast, feedforward connectivity was preserved during exposure to ketamine (mean ± SD of baseline and anesthesia: 0.0041 ± 0.0015 and 0.0046 ± 0.0018; F (5, 179) = 2.07; P = 0.072). Like ketamine, propofol and sevoflurane selectively inhibited feedback connectivity after anesthetic induction. Conclusions: Diverse anesthetics disrupt frontal–parietal communication, despite molecular and neurophysiologic differences. Analysis of directional connectivity in frontal–parietal networks could provide a common metric of general anesthesia and insight into the cognitive neuroscience of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
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Several lines of evidence suggest that anesthetics preferentially affect feedback connectivity originating in frontal cortex, as predicted by GNW theory.
“Several lines of evidence also suggest that anesthetics preferentially affect feedback connectivity originating in the frontal cortex, as might be predicted by the GNW theory (Lee et al., 2013; Moon et al., 2015).”
From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2013
Electroencephalography has identified reduced proxies for information transfer linking prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex.
“These findings support the identification of depressed surrogates of information transfer between prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex as identified by electroencephalography [142].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Lee, U., Ku, S., Noh, G., Baek, S., Choi, B., & Mashour, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Associate Professor
- Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Corresponding author
- Mashour, George A.
- Venue
- Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1264-1275
- ISSN
- 0003-3022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4346246
- OpenAlex
- W2137456793
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 42.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Anesthesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM098578)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024986)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- ketamine, propofol, sevoflurane, frontoparietal connectivity, feedback connectivity, feedforward connectivity, directional connectivity, symbolic transfer entropy, anesthesia induction, loss of consciousness, alpha power, gamma power, general anesthesia
- MeSH terms
- Sevoflurane, Adult, Analgesics, Electroencephalography, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Ketamine, Male, Methyl Ethers, Middle Aged, Parietal Lobe, Propofol, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Young Adult
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