To Question or Accept? How Status Differences Influence Responses to New Epistemic Technologies in Knowledge Work
Abstract
In this article I present a theoretical model of how relationships among members of groups of knowledge workers shape the way new epistemic technologies, which are tools that play a central role in the ongoing construction of knowledge, are encountered. In particular, I theorize about how status differences influence interactions among group members. These interactions shape whether users engage in questioning practices, which involve examining the embedded assumptions within the technology, or accepting practices, where users trust the technology’s outputs without seeking to understand the assumptions that may influence their content. I then consider the consequences of these practices on the novelty of knowledge outcomes. Because knowledge work continues to rely upon increasingly complex epistemic technologies, I suggest that the salience of status differences is of central importance to the production of new and updated knowledge.
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AI is an epistemic technology: a tool that plays a key part in the ongoing construction of knowledge.
“This is because AI constitutes an 'epistemic technology'; that is, 'a tool that plays a key part in the ongoing construction of knowledge' (Anthony, 2018, p. 661).”
From The AI of the Beholder: Intra‐Professional Sensemaking of an Epistemic Technology (2025) · cites this paper as Anthony, 2018
AI as an epistemic technology poses new challenges to the expertise and jurisdictions of professionals.
“As an 'epistemic technology' AI poses new challenges to the expertise and jurisdictions of professionals.”
From The AI of the Beholder: Intra‐Professional Sensemaking of an Epistemic Technology (2025) · cites this paper as Anthony, 2018
Sensemaking responses to AI and its black boxing effects varied according to the triadic view, being centred on the degree of perceived threat or enhancement to jurisdiction, and not according to the status differences highlighted by Anthony (2018).
“Our findings further show how sensemaking responses to AI and its black boxing effects varied according to this triadic view, being centred on the degree of perceived threat or enhancement to jurisdiction, and not according to the status differences highlighted by Anthony (2018).”
From The AI of the Beholder: Intra‐Professional Sensemaking of an Epistemic Technology (2025) · cites this paper as Anthony (2018)
In more recent literature, the sensemaking challenges posed by AI have been viewed primarily in cognitive terms, with studies highlighting the 'black boxing' associated with AI as an epistemic technology.
“In more recent literature, these sensemaking challenges have been viewed primarily in cognitive terms, with studies highlighting the 'black boxing' associated with AI as an epistemic technology (Anthony, 2018;Lebovitz et al., 2022).”
From The AI of the Beholder: Intra‐Professional Sensemaking of an Epistemic Technology (2025) · cites this paper as Anthony, 2018
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- Authors
- Anthony, C.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anthony, Callen
- ORCID
- Anthony, Callen
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 661-679
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2805440323
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Communication › Knowledge Management and Sharing
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Keywords
- status differences, knowledge work, questioning practices, group interaction, knowledge construction, trust in technology
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