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Cited by 1,485Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPsychometric Methodologies and TestingFlow Experience in Various Fields

The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing.

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Butler, Julie, Kern, Margaret L.·2016·International Journal of Wellbeing
DOI 10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
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Abstract

In the book Flourish (2011), Seligman defined wellbeing in terms of five pillars: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment, or PERMA.We developed the PERMA-Profiler as a brief measure of PERMA.We first compiled hundreds of theoretically relevant items.Three studies (N = 7,188) reduced, tested, and refined items, resulting in a final set of 15 questions (three items per PERMA domain).Eight additional filler items were added, which assess overall wellbeing, negative emotion, loneliness, and physical health, resulting in a final 23item measure.A series of eight additional studies (N = 31,966) were conducted to test the psychometrics of the measure.The PERMA-Profiler demonstrates acceptable model fit, internal and cross-time consistency, and evidence for content, convergent, and divergent validity.Scores are reported visually as a profile across domains, reflecting the multidimensional nature of flourishing.The PERMA-Profiler adds to the toolbox of wellbeing measures, allowing individuals to monitor their wellbeing across multiple psychosocial domains.

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Authors
Butler, J., & Kern, M. L.
Affiliations
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Kern, Margaret L.
ORCID
Kern, Margaret L.
Venue
International Journal of Wellbeing
Publisher
International Journal of Wellbeing
Published
2016-10-13
Volume
6
Issue
3
Pages
1-48
ISSN
1179-8602 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
OpenAlex
W2556622256
Cited by
1,485
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 207 · 2025: 281 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 225 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 168 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
61.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
International Journal of Wellbeing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Cambridge
  • University of Warwick
  • University of Melbourne
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
Keywords
PERMA-Profiler, eudaimonia, PERMA model, well-being measurement, positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement, psychometric validation, loneliness, negative emotions, physical health

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