Trait-like vulnerability to total and partial sleep loss
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which individual differences in vulnerability to total sleep deprivation also reflect individual differences in vulnerability to multiple nights of sleep restriction. DESIGN: Two sleep loss conditions (order counterbalanced) separated by 2 to 4 weeks: (a) total sleep deprivation (TSD) of 2 nights (63 h continuous wakefulness); (b) sleep restriction (SR) of 7 nights of 3 h nightly time in bed (TIB). Both conditions were preceded by 7 in-laboratory nights with 10 h nightly TIB; and followed by 3 recovery nights with 8 h nightly TIB. Measures of cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance, working memory [1-Back], and mathematical processing), objective alertness, subjective sleepiness, and mood were obtained at regular intervals under both conditions. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed using outcome metrics averaged over the last day (08:00-20:00) of TSD and SR. SETTING: Residential sleep/performance testing facility. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen healthy adults (ages 18-39; 11 males, 8 females). INTERVENTIONS: 2 nights of TSD and 7 nights SR (3 h nightly TIB). RESULTS: volunteers who displayed greater vulnerability to TSD displayed greater vulnerability to SR on cognitive performance tasks (ICC: PVT lapses = 0.89; PVT speed = 0.86; 1-Back = 0.88; mathematical processing = 0.68, Ps < 0.05). In addition, trait-like responsivity to TSD/SR was found for mood variables vigor (ICC = 0.91), fatigue (ICC = 0.73), and happiness (ICC = 0.85) (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Resilience to sleep loss is a trait-like characteristic that reflects an individual's ability to maintain performance during both types of sleep loss (SR and TSD). Whether the findings extend to sleep schedules other than those investigated here (63 h of TSD and 7 nights of 3 h nightly TIB) will be the focus of future studies.
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The relative plateauing of subjective sleepiness compared to monotonically declining sustained attention and reduced improvement in speed of processing could cause adolescents to underestimate the extent of their objective neurobehavioral deficit.
“Relevant to this point, the relative plateauing of subjective sleepiness compared to monotonically declining sustained attention and reduced improvement in speed of processing 53,64 could cause adolescents to underestimate the extent of their objective neurobehavioral deficit.”
From Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe degree of performance impairment in response to sleep loss is subject to substantial inter-individual differences that are stable and trait-like.
“The degree of performance impairment in response to sleep loss is subject to substantial inter-individual differences that are stable and trait-like36,51–54.”
From Effects of total sleep deprivation on performance in a manual spacecraft docking task (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
Reduced sleep duration has been shown to cause impairments in working memory, executive function, processing speed, and cognitive throughput.
“For example, reduced sleep duration has been shown to cause impairments in working memory,91 executive function,92 processing speed,93–95 and cognitive throughput.96”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [95]
Phenotypic responses to sleep deprivation occur as a normal distribution.
“studies from our laboratory and others indicate these phenotypic responses occur as a normal distribution,170,175”
From Circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and human performance (2013) · cites this paper as [175]
Studies that systematically examined the same subjects in both chronic sleep restriction and acute total sleep deprivation reported inconsistent results, likely due to small sample sizes, different populations, varying doses of sleep restriction, and different outcome measures.
“These studies reported inconsistent results, likely due to small sample sizes, different populations, varying doses of sleep restriction, and different outcome measures.”
From Circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and human performance (2013) · cites this paper as [175]
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- Authors
- Rupp, T. L., Wesensten, N. J., & Balkin, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wesensten, Nancy J.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1163-1172
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC3397820
- OpenAlex
- W2070842225
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Medical Research and Materiel Command
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- total sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, individual differences, cognitive performance, psychomotor vigilance, working memory, mathematical processing, alertness, subjective sleepiness, mood, fatigue, vigor, happiness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Attention, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Young Adult
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