Banking sleep: realization of benefits during subsequent sleep restriction and recovery
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OBJECTIVE: Determine whether sleep extension (a) improves alertness and performance during subsequent sleep restriction and (b) impacts the rate at which alertness and performance are restored by post-restriction recovery sleep. DESIGN: Participants were randomly assigned to an Extended (10 h time in bed [TIB]) or Habitual TIB [mean (SD) hours = 7.09 (0.7)] sleep group for one week, followed by 1 Baseline (10 hours or habitual TIB), 7 Sleep Restriction (3 h TIB), and 5 Recovery Sleep nights (8 h TIB). Performance and alertness tests were administered hourly between 08:00-18:00 during all in-laboratory phases of the study. SETTING: Residential sleep/performance testing facility. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four healthy adults (ages 18-39) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Extended vs. habitual sleep durations prior to sleep restriction. RESULTS: Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses were more frequent and modified maintenance of wakefulness (MWT) sleep latency was shorter in the Habitual group than in the Extended group across the sleep restriction phase. During the Recovery phase, PVT speed rebounded faster (and PVT lapsing recovered significantly after the first night of recovery sleep) in the Extended group. No group differences in subjective sleepiness were evident during any phase of the study. CONCLUSION: The extent to which sleep restriction impairs objectively measured alertness and performance, and the rate at which these impairments are subsequently reversed by recovery sleep, varies as a function of the amount of nightly sleep obtained prior to the sleep restriction period. This suggests that the physiological mechanism(s) underlying chronic sleep debt undergo long-term (days/weeks) accommodative/adaptive changes.
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There is no clear evidence that sleep duration greater than 8 hours has an impact on these domains, beyond what is found for sleep durations of 7-8 hours per night, although extra sleep may provide some prophylactic benefits for performance during subsequent sleep restriction.
“There is no clear evidence that sleep duration greater than 8 hours has an impact on these domains, beyond what is found for sleep durations of 7–8 hours per night, although “extra” sleep may provide some prophylactic benefits for performance during subsequent sleep restriction.101”
Varying the amount of baseline nightly sleep prior to chronic sleep restriction affects both the rate at which alertness is degraded and the rate at which deficits are reversed by repeated nights of recovery sleep.
“who varied the amount of baseline nightly sleep prior to chronic sleep restriction and found that it affected both the rate at which alertness was degraded and the rate at which deficits were reversed by repeated nights of recovery sleep.”
From Circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and human performance (2013) · cites this paper as [169]
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- Authors
- Rupp, T. L., Wesensten, N. J., Bliese, P. D., & Balkin, T. J.
- Affiliations
- United States Army (US)
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rupp, Tracy L.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 311-321
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2647785
- OpenAlex
- W304559357
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Army
- Medical Research and Materiel Command
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep extension, sleep restriction, recovery sleep, sleep debt, alertness, cognitive performance, psychomotor vigilance task, maintenance of wakefulness test, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, sleep duration, circadian adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Attention, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Young Adult
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