The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Mindset: the new psychology of success
Abstract
Every so often a truly groundbreaking idea comes along. This is one. Mindset explains: Why brains and talent don’t bring success How they can stand in the way of it Why praising brains and talent doesn’t foster self-esteem and accomplishment, but jeopardizes them How teaching a simple idea about the brain raises grades and productivity What all great CEOs, parents, teachers, athletes know Mindset is a simple idea discovered by world-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol Dweck in decades of research on achievement and success—a simple idea that makes all the difference. In a fixed mindset, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits. They spend their time documenting their intelligence or talent instead of developing them. They also believe that talent alone creates success—without effort. They’re wrong. In a growth mindset, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work—brains and talent are just the starting point. This view creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment. Virtually all great people have had these qualities. Teaching a growth mindset creates motivation and productivity in the worlds of business, education, and sports. It enhances relationships. When you read Mindset, you’ll see how.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In other words, the D&D model for educational change does not support the development of a growth mindset [21] and it does not give attention to the development of reflective practice.”
From Faculty online learning communities: A model for sustained teaching transformation (2019) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“In addition, personalized instruction can foster a growth mindset, which has been shown to promote students’ persistence in the face of difficulties16,17.”
From AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning: an RCT introducing a novel research-based design in an authentic educational setting (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,023
Skipper, Y., & Douglas, K. M. (2011) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02028.x · Cited by 106
The relationship between academic self-concept, attributions, and L2 achievement
Erten, İ. H., & Burden, R. (2014) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2014.01.006 · Cited by 91
Behavior Management for School-Aged Children with ADHD
Pfiffner, L. J., & Haack, L. M. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.014 · Cited by 89
Promoting Resilience, Retention, and Mental Health
Eisenberg, D., Lipson, S. K., & Posselt, J. R. (2016) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.20194 · Cited by 89
Students’ Response to Academic Setback: 'Growth Mindset' as a Buffer Against Demotivation
Aditomo, A. (2015) · International Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.17583/ijep.2015.1482 · Cited by 111
Belenky, D. M., & Schalk, L. (2014) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-014-9251-9 · Cited by 96
Behavioral Economics of Education
Lavecchia, A. M., Liu, H., & Oreopoulos, P. (2016) · Handbook of the Economics of Education · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63459-7.00001-4 · Cited by 89
Learning to BREATHE: A Pilot Study of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Support Marginalized Youth
Eva, A. L., & Thayer, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1177/2156587217696928 · Cited by 88
Social-Emotional Assessment, Performance, and Standards
McKown, C. (2017) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.2017.0008 · Cited by 91
Exploring the characteristics and context that allow Master Adaptive Learners to thrive
Cutrer, W. B., Atkinson, H. G., Friedman, E. S., Deiorio, N. M., Gruppen, L. D., Dekhtyar, M., & Pusic, M. V. (2018) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2018.1484560 · Cited by 94
DeLuca, C., Coombs, A., & LaPointe-McEwan, D. (2019) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.03.012 · Cited by 103
Francis, B., Connolly, P., Archer, L., Hodgen, J., Mazenod, A., Pepper, D., Sloan, S., Taylor, B., Tereshchenko, A., & Travers, M.-C. (2017) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2017.09.001 · Cited by 87
Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: A Model To Guide Cultural Transformation in STEM Departments
Johnson, A. C., & Elliott, S. (2020) · Journal of Microbiology and Biology Education · doi:10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.2097 · Cited by 108
Epistemic curiosity and the region of proximal learning
Metcalfe, J., Schwartz, B. L., & Eich, T. S. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.06.007 · Cited by 101
Sadoughi, M., Hejazi, S. Y., & Lou, N. M. (2022) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-022-09744-0 · Cited by 93
Distinguished Scholar Invited Essay
Wright, T. A. (2015) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051815578950 · Cited by 90
Beyond test performance: a broader view of stereotype threat
Lewis, N. A., & Sekaquaptewa, D. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.002 · Cited by 85
Implicit Theories: Language Learning Mindsets
Ryan, S., & Mercer, S. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137032829_6 · Cited by 90
Education in Safe and Unsafe Spaces
Callan, E. K. (2020) · Philosophical Inquiry in Education · doi:10.7202/1070555ar · Cited by 88
The effect of an informal science intervention on middle school girls’ science affinities
Todd, B., & Zvoch, K. (2018) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2018.1534022 · Cited by 86
Chin, D. B., Blair, K. P., Wolf, R. C., Conlin, L. D., Cutumisu, M., Pfaffman, J., & Schwartz, D. L. (2019) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1080/10508406.2019.1570933 · Cited by 100
School Effects on Socioemotional Development, School-Based Arrests, and Educational Attainment
Jackson, C. K., Porter, S. C., Easton, J. Q., Blanchard, A., & Kiguel, S. (2020) · American Economic Review Insights · doi:10.1257/aeri.20200029 · Cited by 100
Growth mindset, self-efficacy, and self-regulation: A symphony of success in L2 speaking
Derakhshan, A., & Fathi, J. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103320 · Cited by 118
Bauer, C. C. C., Caballero, C., Scherer, E., West, M. R., Mrazek, M. D., Phillips, D. T., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2019) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000337 · Cited by 85
Latinas/os in Community College Developmental Education
Acevedo‐Gil, N., Santos, R. E., Alonso, L., & Solórzano, D. G. (2015) · Journal of Hispanic Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1538192715572893 · Cited by 86
"The Sustainable Mindset: Connecting Being, Thinking, and Doing in Management Education"
Kassel, K., Rimanoczy, I., & Mitchell, S. F. (2016) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2016.16659abstract · Cited by 85
What a Loaded Generalization: Generics and Social Cognition
Wodak, D., Leslie, S., & Rhodes, M. (2015) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/phc3.12250 · Cited by 84
Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Yan, Q. (2018) · Journal of Change Management · doi:10.1080/14697017.2018.1446693 · Cited by 100
Soland, J. G., Kuhfeld, M. R., Wolk, E., & Bi, S. Z. (2019) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2019.1615158 · Cited by 87
Drug delivery of the future: Chasing the invisible gorilla
Park, K. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.048 · Cited by 86
Studying the Professional Lives and Work of Faculty Involved in Community Engagement
O’Meara, K., Sandmann, L. R., Saltmarsh, J., & Giles, D. E. (2010) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-010-9159-3 · Cited by 98
Precarity is a Feminist Issue: Gender and Contingent Labor in the Academy
Zheng, R. (2018) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/hypa.12401 · Cited by 97
Scott, D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22831-0_4 · Cited by 83
Social media mindsets: a new approach to understanding social media use and psychological well-being
Lee, A. Y., & Hancock, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad048 · Cited by 82
Erickson, K. T., & Côté, J. (2015) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.006 · Cited by 103
Entre Familia: Immigrant Parents' Strategies for Involvement in Children's Schooling
Poza, L. E., Brooks, M. D., & Valdés, G. (2014) · San Jose State University Scholar Works (San Jose State University) · Cited by 82
The Flexibility Hypothesis of Healing
Hinton, D. E., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2016) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-016-9493-8 · Cited by 87
Influence of Learner Beliefs and Gender on the Motivating Power of L2 Selves
Yashima, T., Nishida, R., & Mizumoto, A. (2017) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12430 · Cited by 93
Recruiting and Retaining Underrepresented Gifted Students
Worrell, F. C., & Dixson, D. D. (2018) · Handbook of Giftedness in Children · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77004-8_13 · Cited by 81
Evidence-Based Research in STEM Teacher Education: From Theory to Practice
Milner‐Bolotin, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00092 · Cited by 91
Tseng, H., Kuo, Y.-C., & Walsh, E. J. (2020) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09774-5 · Cited by 95
Eren, A., & Rakıcıoğlu‐Söylemez, A. (2020) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168820958400 · Cited by 93
Motivation for Faculty Community Engagement: Learning from Exemplars
O’Meara, K. (2008) · Journal of higher education outreach & engagement/Journal of higher education outreach and engagement. · Cited by 81
Development and validation of the solution-focused inventory
Grant, A. M., Cavanagh, M. J., Kleitman, S., Spence, G. B., Lakota, M., & Yu, N. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.697184 · Cited by 81
The Pursuit of Prestige: The Experience of Institutional Striving from a Faculty Perspective
O’Meara, K., & Bloomgarden, A. (2011) · Cited by 81
Beyond ‘driving’: The relationship between assessment, performance and learning
Scott, I. M. (2019) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.13935 · Cited by 85
Levant, B., Villwock, J. A., & Manzardo, A. M. (2020) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-020-00562-8 · Cited by 85
Applying Psychological Theories to Educational Practice
Sternberg, R. J. (2008) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831207312910 · Cited by 87
Why I believe I achieve determines whether I achieve
Siegle, D., McCoach, D., & Roberts, A. (2017) · High Ability Studies · doi:10.1080/13598139.2017.1302873 · Cited by 69
Efficiency-centered, innovation-enabling business models of high tech SMEs: Evidence from Hong Kong
Loon, M. K. C., & Chik, R. (2018) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-017-9558-4 · Cited by 87
Divecha, D., & Brackett, M. A. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00019-5 · Cited by 109
Classroom Assessment and Educational Measurement
Brookhart, S. M., & McMillan, J. H. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429507533 · Cited by 103
Biased Aspirations and Social Inequality at School: Evidence from French Teenagers
Guyon, N., & Huillery, É. (2020) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueaa077 · Cited by 92
Phillips, E. M., Frates, E. P., & Park, D. J. (2020) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2020.07.006 · Cited by 89
Heslin, P., Bell, M., & Fletcher, P. O. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1795 · Cited by 85
Orosz, G., Péter-Szarka, S., Bőthe, B., Tóth‐Király, I., & Berger, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00311 · Cited by 103
Frey, R. F., Fink, A., Cahill, M. J., McDaniel, M. A., & Solomon, E. D. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00375 · Cited by 83
Goal Internalization and Persistence as a Function of Autonomous and Directive Forms of Goal Support
Koestner, R., Powers, T. A., Milyavskaya, M., Carbonneau, N., & Hope, N. H. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12093 · Cited by 83
Does IQ Really Predict Job Performance?
Richardson, K., & Norgate, S. (2015) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2014.983635 · Cited by 91
The goal concept: A helpful tool for theory development and testing in motivation science.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (2018) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000115 · Cited by 83
Greater Mindfulness is Associated With Better Academic Achievement in Middle School
Caballero, C., Scherer, E., West, M. R., Mrazek, M. D., Gabrieli, C. F. O., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2019) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12200 · Cited by 98
Curriculum as motivation for gifted students
Little, C. A. (2012) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21621 · Cited by 78
The role of personal best (PB) goal setting in students' academic achievement gains
Martin, A. J., & Elliot, A. J. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.014 · Cited by 78
Mummah, S. A., King, A. C., Gardner, C. D., & Sutton, S. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0400-z · Cited by 77
A Framework for Computational Thinking Dispositions in Mathematics Education
Pérez, A. (2018) · Journal for Research in Mathematics Education · doi:10.5951/jresematheduc.49.4.0424 · Cited by 97
Jiang, Y. H., Zhang, J., Ming, H., Huang, S., & Lin, D. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.05.005 · Cited by 78
Language Mindsets, Meaning-Making, and Motivation
Lou, N. M., & Noels, K. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_26 · Cited by 91
Growth mindset of socioeconomic status boosts subjective well-being: A longitudinal study
Zhao, S., Du, H., Li, Q., Wu, Q., & Chi, P. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110301 · Cited by 77
Melchior, C., & Oliveira, M. F. D. A. (2023) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448231174224 · Cited by 103
Relationships of Parents’ Theories of Intelligence With Children’s Persistence/Learned Helplessness
Jose, P. E., & Bellamy, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022111421633 · Cited by 85
The relationship between intelligence and mindset
Macnamara, B. N., & Rupani, N. S. (2017) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2017.07.003 · Cited by 104
Personal and organizational mindsets at work
Murphy, M. C., & Reeves, S. L. (2019) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2020.100121 · Cited by 92
Curzon, P., Bell, T., Waite, J., & Dorling, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108654555.018 · Cited by 85
Nix, S., Perez‐Felkner, L., & Thomas, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00530 · Cited by 87
Martin, A. J. (2014) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12038 · Cited by 76
The Praise Paradox: When and Why Praise Backfires in Children With Low Self-Esteem
Brummelman, E., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2016) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12171 · Cited by 93
CS1: how will they do? How can we help? A decade of research and practice
Quille, K., & Bergin, S. (2019) · Computer Science Education · doi:10.1080/08993408.2019.1612679 · Cited by 75
An Exploratory Study of Students with Depression in Undergraduate Research Experiences
Cooper, K. M., Gin, L. E., Barnes, M. E., & Brownell, S. E. (2020) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.19-11-0217 · Cited by 88
Resilience in Public Sector Managers
Plimmer, G., Berman, E. M., Malinen, S. K., Franken, E. H., Näswall, K., Kuntz, J., & Löfgren, K. (2021) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x20985105 · Cited by 98
Who Is Good at This Game? Linking an Activity to a Social Category Undermines Children’s Achievement
Cimpian, A., Mu, Y., & Erickson, L. (2012) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611429803 · Cited by 76
Mindset and standardized testing over time
McCutchen, K. L., Jones, M. H., Carbonneau, K. J., & Mueller, C. E. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.027 · Cited by 96
Rewards, praise, and punitive consequences: Relations with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Bear, G. G., Slaughter, J. C., Mantz, L. S., & Farley-Ripple, E. N. (2017) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.03.001 · Cited by 79
A multilevel leadership process framework of performance management
Tseng, S. T., & Levy, P. E. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.001 · Cited by 74
Supporting First-Generation Students’ Adjustment to College With High-Impact Practices
Conefrey, T. (2018) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025118807402 · Cited by 81
Employee acceptance of digital transformation strategies: A paradox perspective
Klein, S. P., Spieth, P., & Söllner, M. (2024) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12722 · Cited by 74
Perez‐Felkner, L., McDonald, S.-K., Schneider, B., & Grogan, E. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027020 · Cited by 74
Competing mindsets in entrepreneurship: The cost of doubt
Mathisen, J.-E., & Arnulf, J. K. (2013) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2013.03.003 · Cited by 80
How and Why Theories Matter: A Comment on Felin and Foss (2009)
Ferraro, F., Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2009) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0432 · Cited by 71
Schmidt, J. A., Shumow, L., & Kackar-Cam, H. Z. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0489-z · Cited by 101
Smiley, P. A., Buttitta, K. V., Chung, S. Y., Dubon, V. X., & Chang, L. K. (2016) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9575-5 · Cited by 83
The sustainability and unsustainability of teachers’ and leaders’well-being
Shirley, D., Hargreaves, A., & Washington-Wangia, S. (2020) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2019.102987 · Cited by 99
Using Q methodology to investigate pre-service EFL teachers’ mindsets about teaching competences
Irie, K., Ryan, S., & Mercer, S. (2018) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.3.3 · Cited by 80
Metacognition: History, measurements, and the role in early childhood development and education
Chen, S., & McDunn, B. A. (2022) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101786 · Cited by 95
Family business, innovation and organizational slack in Taiwan
Liu, Y., Chen, Y.-J., & Wang, L. C. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-016-9496-6 · Cited by 74
Development and Validation of the Mathematical Resilience Scale
Kooken, J. W., Welsh, M. E., McCoach, D. B., Johnston‐Wilder, S., & Lee, C. (2015) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1177/0748175615596782 · Cited by 104
Dane, E. (2017) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2015.0196 · Cited by 76
Lecturers’ Adaptability To Technological Change And Its Impact On The Teaching Process
Mardiana, H. (2020) · JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) · doi:10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i2.24595 · Cited by 72
Enhancing MOOC learners’ skills for self-directed learning
Zhu, M. (2021) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2021.1956302 · Cited by 79
Welcome to the oops club!: Varied patterns of mistake responses in a veteran teacher’s classroom
Donaldson, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1240411 · Cited by 72
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Hanhimäki, E., & Tirri, K. A. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2016.1258667 · Cited by 85
Metadata
- Venue
- Choice Reviews Online
- Publisher
- American Library Association
- Published
- 2006-12-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 44-2397-44-2397
- ISSN
- 0009-4978 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-8253
- OpenAlex
- W1522024619
- Cited by
- 7,804
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 482 · 2024: 731 · 2023: 717 · 2022: 572 · 2021: 793 · 2020: 831 · 2019: 773 · 2018: 620 · 2017: 521 · 2016: 452 · 2015: 392 · 2014: 244 · 2013: 209 · 2012: 159
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Choice Reviews Online (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- growth mindset, fixed mindset, Carol Dweck, self-esteem, achievement, talent, effort, motivation, resilience, praise, learning, productivity, sport, corporate leadership
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review