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The biology , function , and biomedical applications of exosomes

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Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes

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Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes

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Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake

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Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine

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Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds

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Advances of engineered extracellular vesicles-based therapeutics strategy

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The Role of Exosomes in Human Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy—Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research

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Exosomes in liver fibrosis: The role of modulating hepatic stellate cells and immune cells, and prospects for clinical applications

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Exosomes in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities

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Therapeutic approaches targeting molecular signaling pathways common to diabetes, lung diseases and cancer

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Extracellular vesicles biogenesis, isolation, manipulation and genetic engineering for potential in vitro and in vivo therapeutics: An overview

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Tracking tools of extracellular vesicles for biomedical research

Liu, Q., Huang, J., Xia, J., Liang, Y., & Li, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.943712 · Cited by 56

Human Keratinocyte-Derived Exosomal MALAT1 Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Upregulating MFGE8 via microRNA-1914-3p

Kuang, L., Zhang, C., Li, B., Deng, H., Chen, R., & Li, G. (2023) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s399785 · Cited by 52

STOML2 restricts mitophagy and increases chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer through stabilizing PARL-induced PINK1 degradation

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Exosomes derived from programmed cell death: mechanism and biological significance

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Extracellular vesicles: From large-scale production and engineering to clinical applications

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Light‐induced high‐efficient cellular production of immune functional extracellular vesicles

Ruan, S., Erwin, N., & He, M. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12194 · Cited by 51

Engineered small extracellular vesicles displaying ACE2 variants on the surface protect against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

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Inhibition of post-surgery tumour recurrence via a sprayable chemo-immunotherapy gel releasing PD-L1 antibody and platelet-derived small EVs

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Challenges and future scope of exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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The Crosstalk Between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Microenvironment in NASH Related Liver Fibrosis

Du, W., & Wang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.936196 · Cited by 53

Native and engineered exosomes for inflammatory disease

Ma, X., Liu, B., Fan, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Ren, T., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2022) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-022-5275-5 · Cited by 52

Research progress of exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular diseases

Feng, X., Peng, Z., Yuan, L., Jin, M., Hu, H., Peng, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Luo, Z., & Liao, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1100310 · Cited by 50

Immune checkpoint inhibition mediated with liposomal nanomedicine for cancer therapy

Ma, G., & Lin, W. (2023) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-023-00455-x · Cited by 52

Delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy

Wang, J., Meng, F., & Yeo, Y. (2024) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103105 · Cited by 52

Engineering exosomes to reshape the immune microenvironment in breast cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities

Cao, J., Lv, G., & Wei, F. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1645 · Cited by 50

Hallmarks of Exosomes

Dilsiz, N. (2021) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2021-0102 · Cited by 51

Recent progresses of exosome–liposome fusions in drug delivery

Zheng, L., Hu, B., Zhao, D., Liu, W., Liu, Q., Huang, Y., & Ruan, S. (2023) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108647 · Cited by 50

A comprehensive review of engineered exosomes from the preparation strategy to therapeutic applications

Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Shao, M., Gong, Y., Wang, T., Xue, S., & Nian, R. (2024) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d4bm00558a · Cited by 50

Exosome-based immunotherapy as an innovative therapeutic approach in melanoma

Babaei, S., Fadaee, M., Abbasi-kenarsari, H., Shanehbandi, D., & Kazemi, T. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01906-1 · Cited by 48

Plant extracellular vesicles: A novel bioactive nanoparticle for tumor therapy

Tan, Z.-L., Li, J.-F., Luo, H.-M., Liu, Y., & Jin, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1006299 · Cited by 51

Therapeutic potential of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells in chronic wound healing

Long, C., Wang, J., Gan, W., Qin, X., Yang, R., & Chen, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.1030288 · Cited by 52

Engineered exosomes as drug and RNA co-delivery system: new hope for enhanced therapeutics?

Chen, H., Yao, H., Chi, J., Li, C., Liu, Y., Jiayi, Y., Yu, J., Wang, J., Ruan, Y., Pi, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254356 · Cited by 48

Exploring the dynamic interplay between exosomes and the immune tumor microenvironment: implications for breast cancer progression and therapeutic strategies

Safaei, S., Fadaee, M., Farzam, O. R., Yari, A., Poursaei, E., Aslan, C., Samemaleki, S., Shanehbandi, D., Baradaran, B., & Kazemi, T. (2024) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-024-01810-z · Cited by 50

mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application

Fu, Q., Zhao, X., Hu, J., Jiao, Y., Yan, Y., Pan, X., Wang, X., & Jiao, F. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-06033-6 · Cited by 59

NGR‐Modified CAF‐Derived exos Targeting Tumor Vasculature to Induce Ferroptosis and Overcome Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma

Du, J., Meng, X., Yang, M., Chen, G., Li, J., Zhu, Z., Wu, X., Hu, W., Tian, M., Li, T., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202410918 · Cited by 48

The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years

Gomes, A., Aguiar, L., Ferraz, R., Teixeira, C. A. S., & Gomes, P. A. C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111991 · Cited by 50

Exosome nanovesicles as potential biomarkers and immune checkpoint signaling modulators in lung cancer microenvironment: recent advances and emerging concepts

Khan, N. A., Asim, M., Biswas, K. H., Alansari, A. N., Saman, H. T., Sarwar, M. Z., Osmonaliev, K., & Shahab Uddin, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-023-02753-7 · Cited by 48

Exosome Source Matters: A Comprehensive Review from the Perspective of Diverse Cellular Origins

Chen, Y., Qi, W., Wang, Z., & Niu, F. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17020147 · Cited by 54

Application of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Complete Future Perspective

Yue, N.-N., Xu, H.-M., Xu, J., Zhu, M.-Z., Zhang, Y., Tian, C.-M., Nie, Y.-Q., Yao, J., Liang, Y.-J., Li, D.-F., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s413141 · Cited by 46

Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction

Fang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., Zheng, Y., & Jiang, J. (2022) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s377479 · Cited by 46

Recent advances in extracellular vesicle-based organic nanotherapeutic drugs for precision cancer therapy

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Exosomes-delivered PD-L1 siRNA and CTLA-4 siRNA protect against growth and tumor immune escape in colorectal cancer

Li, J., Chen, Y., Liao, M., Yu, S., Yuan, B., Jia, Z., Zhou, L., & Tang, Y. (2023) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110646 · Cited by 46

Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery

Zeng, B., Li, Y., Xia, J., Xiao, Y., Khan, N., Jiang, B., Liang, Y., & Duan, L. (2024) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10623 · Cited by 45

Utilization of nanomaterials in MRI contrast agents and their role in therapy guided by imaging

Wang, W., Shang, S., Wang, Y. A., & Xu, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1484577 · Cited by 53

The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Szostak, J., Gorący, A., Durys, D., Dec, P., Modrzejewski, A., & Pawlik, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076214 · Cited by 46

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

Wu, K. Y., Ahmad, H., Lin, G., Carbonneau, M., & Tran, S. D. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15041167 · Cited by 51

Targeted delivery of CD163+ macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles via RGD peptides promote vascular regeneration and stabilization after spinal cord injury

Peng, W., Xie, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, J., Yuan, F., Li, C., Qin, T., Lü, H., Duan, C., & Hu, J. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.025 · Cited by 45

Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

Song, Y., Hu, J., Ma, C., Liu, H., Li, Z., & Yang, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s449388 · Cited by 46

Chondrocyte‐Targeted Delivery System of Sortase A‐Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Silencing MMP13 for Osteoarthritis Therapy

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Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy

Hao, X., Wang, S., Wang, L., Li, J., Li, Y., & Liu, J. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02611-4 · Cited by 49

Advancing stroke therapy: innovative approaches with stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Song, J., Zhou, D., Cui, L., Wu, C., Jia, L., Wang, M., Li, J., Ya, J., Ji, X., & Meng, R. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01752-1 · Cited by 46

Effects of Hydrogels on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Paracrine Activity and Extracellular Vesicles Production

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An Overview of Current Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2009 to 2021

Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Wu, S., Zhang, S., Li, S., & Tan, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.910812 · Cited by 44

Current Update on Transcellular Brain Drug Delivery

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Exosome-derived CIRP: An amplifier of inflammatory diseases

Han, J., Zhang, Y., Ge, P., Dakal, T. C., Wen, H., Tang, S., Luo, Y., Yang, Q., Hua, B., Zhang, G., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066721 · Cited by 44

Critical considerations in determining the surface charge of small extracellular vesicles

Tamrin, S. H., Phelps, J., Sanati‐Nezhad, A., & Sen, A. (2023) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12353 · Cited by 47

Advancements in engineered exosomes for wound repair: current research and future perspectives

Ye, H., Wang, F., Xu, G., Shu, F., Fan, K., & Wang, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1301362 · Cited by 44

Rapid automated extracellular vesicle isolation and miRNA preparation on a cost-effective digital microfluidic platform

Tong, Z., Yang, D., Shen, C., Li, C., Xu, X., Li, Q., Wu, Z., Ma, H., Chen, F., & Mao, H. (2024) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2024.342337 · Cited by 44

Advanced micro/nano-electroporation for gene therapy: recent advances and future outlook

Liu, F., Su, R., Jiang, X., Wang, S., Mu, W., & Chang, L. (2024) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d4nr01408a · Cited by 48

Advances in exosomes utilization for clinical applications in cancer

Batista, I. A., Machado, J. C., & Melo, S. A. (2024) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2024.07.010 · Cited by 49

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing

Balaraman, A. K., Babu, M. A., Moglad, E. H. O., Mandaliya, V. B., Rekha, M. M., Gupta, S., Prasad, G. V. S., Kumari, M., Chauhan, A. S., Ali, H., et al. (2024) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155785 · Cited by 50

Small extracellular vesicles: the origins, current status, future prospects, and applications

Zhou, X., Huang, J., Zhang, D., Qian, Z.-Y., Zuo, X., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04330-5 · Cited by 52

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review of Biomedical Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Zhang, J., Tian, X., Li, Y., Fang, C., Yang, F., Dong, L., Shen, Y., Pu, S., Li, J., Chang, D., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s527137 · Cited by 60

Targeted Delivery of Exosomes Armed with Anti-Cancer Therapeutics

Choi, H., Yim, H. Y., Park, C., Ahn, S., Ahn, Y., Lee, A.-R., Yang, H., & Choi, C. (2022) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes12010085 · Cited by 48

Engineered extracellular vesicles directed to the spike protein inhibit SARS-CoV-2

Scott, T. A., Supramaniam, A., Idris, A., Cardoso, A. A., Shrivastava, S., Kelly, G., Grepo, N., Soemardy, C., Ray, R. M., McMillan, N. A. J., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2022.01.015 · Cited by 43

Exosome-cargoed microRNAs: Potential therapeutic molecules for diabetic wound healing

Lou, R., Chen, J., Fei, Z., Wang, C., Leung, C., & Lin, L. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.008 · Cited by 45

Exosomes: Insights and therapeutic applications in cancer

Panigrahi, A. R., Lankalapalli, S., & Panda, J. (2022) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101439 · Cited by 46

New insights of engineering plant exosome-like nanovesicles as a nanoplatform for therapeutics and drug delivery

Shinge, S. A. U., Xiao, Y., Xia, J., Liang, Y., & Duan, L. (2022) · Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids · doi:10.20517/evcna.2021.25 · Cited by 44

Modification of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage-targeted therapy

Huang, J., Liu, Q., Xia, J., Chen, X., Xiong, J., Yang, L., & Liang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03726-8 · Cited by 43

Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomal Vesicles: A Promising Therapy for the Injured Spinal Cord

Ghosh, M., & Pearse, D. D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417317 · Cited by 47

Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances

Zhang, E., Phan, P., & Zhao, Z. (2022) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020 · Cited by 42

Targeting Capabilities of Native and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery

Frolova, L., & Li, I. T. S. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9100496 · Cited by 43

Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

Wang, H., Huber, C. C., & Li, X. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020253 · Cited by 45

Protective effects of dietary quercetin on cerebral ischemic injury: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability-enhancing nanoformulations

Zhang, Y., Fu, K., Wang, C., Ma, C., Gong, L., Zhou, H., Xue, X., Peng, C., & Li, Y. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo03122a · Cited by 43

Engineered exosomes for cancer theranostics: Next-generation tumor targeting

Chavda, V. P., Sugandhi, V. V., Pardeshi, C. V., Patil, R., Joshi, M., Patel, B. M., Khadela, A. D., Bezbaruah, R., Bhattacharjee, B., Balar, P. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104579 · Cited by 44

The application of extracellular vesicles in orthopedic diseases

Li, Y., Zhang, H., Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Cai, D., & Bai, X. (2024) · Interdisciplinary medicine · doi:10.1002/inmd.20230055 · Cited by 43

Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles: Current status and challenges for developing a new paradigm in therapeutics development

Jo, H., Kang, S. J., Kim, G.-H., Gwak, S., Baek, G. M. W. S. G., & Rhee, W. J. (2025) · Open Research (University of Surrey) · doi:10.1002/viw.20240115 · Cited by 45

Exosomes and ultrasound: The future of theranostic applications

Sridharan, B., & Lim, H. G. (2023) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100556 · Cited by 41

Exosomal miR-200b-3p induce macrophage polarization by regulating transcriptional repressor ZEB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Xu, Y., Luan, G., Liu, F., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Liu, Z., & Yang, T. (2023) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-023-10507-y · Cited by 41

Lipid bilayer-based biological nanoplatforms for sonodynamic cancer therapy

Li, S., Mok, G. S. P., & Dai, Y. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.115110 · Cited by 41

Exosomes loaded with chondrogenic stimuli agents combined with 3D bioprinting hydrogel in the treatment of osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration

Zhang, H., Huang, J., & Alahdal, M. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115715 · Cited by 44

Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in skin wound healing

Sun, Y., Zhang, S., Shen, Y., Lu, H., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, T., Liu, B. Y., Yao, L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1428793 · Cited by 45

Blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles: diagnostic biomarkers and smart delivery systems

Xu, L., Liang, Y., Xu, X. G., Xia, J., Wen, C., Zhang, P., & Duan, L. (2021) · Bioengineered · doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1982320 · Cited by 40

Extracellular vesicle approach to major psychiatric disorders

Kohshour, M. O., Papiol, S., Delalle, I., Rossner, M. J., & Schulze, T. G. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01497-3 · Cited by 42

Bioinspired cellular membrane-derived vesicles for mRNA delivery

Xu, X., Xu, L., Wang, J., Wen, C., Xia, J., Zhang, Y., & Liang, Y. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.93755 · Cited by 43

Global Trends of Exosomes Application in Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review

Rahnama, M., Heidari, M., Poursalehi, Z., & Golchin, A. (2024) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-024-10791-7 · Cited by 39

Extracellular Vesicle‐Based mRNA Therapeutics and Vaccines

Li, Q., Xing, H., Naeem, A., Zhang, K., Zheng, A., Huang, Y., & Lu, M. (2025) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20240109 · Cited by 44

Unlocking the potential of exosomes ‘extracellular vesicles’: drug delivery advancements and therapeutics in ocular diseases

Verma, N., Arora, S., Singh, A. K., & Ahmed, J. (2025) · RSC Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1039/d5pm00097a · Cited by 45

Surface‐Engineered Extracellular Vesicles with CDH17 Nanobodies to Efficiently Deliver Imaging Probes and Chemo‐Photothermal Drugs for Gastric Cancer Theragnostic

Xia, P., Yuan, H., Tian, M., Zhong, T., Hou, R., Xu, X., Ma, J., Wang, H., Li, Z., Huang, D., et al. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202209393 · Cited by 39

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Delivery of an IL‐1 Receptor Antagonist Promote Targeted Repair of Retinal Degeneration

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Engineered exosomes: a promising strategy for tendon-bone healing

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Engineered Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

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Current status and future perspectives of research on intra-articular drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis therapy

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Exosome engineering for targeted therapy of brain-infecting pathogens: molecular tools, delivery platforms, and translational advances

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Circulating Exosomal miR-1290 for Diagnosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

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Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications

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Recent advances of exosomes in soft tissue injuries in sports medicine: A critical review on biological and biomaterial applications

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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Star for Gene Drug Delivery

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Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in tissue repair and regeneration

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Targeting Brain Drug Delivery with Macromolecules Through Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis

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Natural Biogenic Templates for Nanomaterial Synthesis: Advances, Applications, and Environmental Perspectives

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The status of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers and therapeutics

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Extracellular Vesicles: a Promising cell-free Therapy for Cartilage Repair

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Engineering Approaches for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeted Delivery: Biological versus Chemical Perspectives

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Bioengineering and modification of exosome nanovesicles for targeted drug delivery

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Exosomes: Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms for the Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics

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Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review

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Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery

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