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Cited by 1,100Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Persons: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature

Gross, Peter A., Hermogenes, Alicia W., Sacks, Henry S., Lau, Joseph, Levandowski, Roland A.·1995·Annals of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00008
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the protective efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was done using the index terms influenza vaccine, vaccine efficacy, elderly, mortality, hospitalized, and pneumonia. Appropriate references in the initially selected articles were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Only cohort observational studies with mortality assessment were included in the meta-analysis. In addition, 3 recent case-control studies, 2 cost-effectiveness studies, and 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Vaccine and epidemic virus strains, age and sex of patients, severity of illness, patient status, and study design were recorded. Upper respiratory illness, hospitalization, pneumonia, and mortality were used as outcome measures. DATA SYNTHESIS: In a meta-analysis of 20 cohort studies, the pooled estimates of vaccine efficacy (1-odds ratio) were 56% (95% Cl, 39% to 68%) for preventing respiratory illness, 53% (Cl, 35% to 66%) for preventing pneumonia, 50% (Cl, 28% to 65%) for preventing hospitalization, and 68% (Cl, 56% to 76%) for preventing death. Vaccine efficacy in the case-control studies ranged from 32% to 45% for preventing hospitalization for pneumonia, from 31% to 65% for preventing hospital deaths from pneumonia and influenza, from 43% to 50% for preventing hospital deaths from all respiratory conditions, and from 27% to 30% for preventing deaths from all causes. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed a 50% or greater reduction in influenza-related illness. Recent cost-effectiveness studies confirm the efficacy of influenza vaccine in reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality and show that vaccine provides important cost savings per year per vaccinated person. CONCLUSION: Despite the paucity of randomized trials, many studies confirm that influenza vaccine reduces the risks for pneumonia, hospitalization, and death in elderly persons during an influenza epidemic if the vaccine strain is identical or similar to the epidemic strain. Influenza immunization is an indispensable part of the care of persons 65 years of age and older. Annual vaccine administration requires the attention of all physicians and public health organizations.

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Crossref · 10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00008

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Metadata

Authors
Gross, P. A., Hermogenes, A. W., Sacks, H. S., Lau, J., & Levandowski, R. A.
Affiliations
Tufts Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Gross, Peter A.
ORCID
Gross, Peter A.
Venue
Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American College of Physicians
Published
1995-10-01
Volume
123
Issue
7
Pages
518-527
ISSN
  • 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-3704
DOI
10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00008
OpenAlex
W1988729025
Cited by
1,100
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 31
FWCI
20.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations
  • Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (223-90-1102)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Keywords
influenza vaccination, vaccine efficacy, older adults, pneumonia prevention, hospitalization, mortality, respiratory diseases, cost-effectiveness
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Chronic Disease, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Odds Ratio, Hospital Mortality

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