Cited by 305Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsHealthcare Systems and Public HealthHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study

Andersson, Charlotte, Johnson, Andrew D., Benjamin, Emelia J., Levy, Daniel, Vasan, Ramachandran S.·2019·Nature Reviews Cardiology

Abstract

The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was established in 1948 to improve understanding of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the USA. In 1961, seminal work identified major risk factors for CHD (high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels and evidence on the electrocardiogram of left ventricular hypertrophy), which later formed the basis for multivariable 10-year and 30-year risk-prediction algorithms. The FHS cohorts now comprise three generations of participants (n ≈ 15,000) and two minority cohorts. The FHS cohorts are densely phenotyped, with recurring follow-up examinations and surveillance for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular end points. Assessment of subclinical disease and physiological profiling of these cohorts (with the use of echocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise stress testing, cardiac CT, heart and brain MRI, serial vascular tonometry and accelerometry) have been performed repeatedly. Over the past decade, the FHS cohorts have undergone deep 'omics' profiling (including whole-genome sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, transcriptomics, high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics, and microbiome studies). The FHS is a rich, longitudinal, transgenerational and deeply phenotyped cohort study with a sustained focus on state-of-the-art epidemiological methods and technological advances to facilitate scientific discoveries.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41569-019-0202-5

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  • The Framingham Heart Study has demonstrated that hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertension and diabetes are cardiovascular risk factors associated with the future development of heart failure.

    “Over its 74-year length, the Framingham Heart Study has demonstrated that hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertension and diabetes are cardiovascular risk factors associated with the future development of heart failure [2,3].”

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Authors
Andersson, C., Johnson, A. D., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., & Vasan, R. S.
Affiliations
  • Boston University (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
  • Andersson, Charlotte
  • Vasan, Ramachandran S.
Venue
Nature Reviews Cardiology
Published
2019-05-07
Volume
16
Issue
11
Pages
687-698
ISSN
  • 1759-5002 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5010
OpenAlex
W2944646092
Cited by
305
References
210
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 2
FWCI
5.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • American Heart Association
  • Evans Medical Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords
Framingham Heart Study, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, risk prediction algorithm, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, subclinical cardiovascular disease, multi-omics profiling, longitudinal cohort
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Data Collection, Echocardiography, Exercise Test, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Manometry, Phenotype, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Genomics, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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