Human pyramidal to interneuron synapses are mediated by multi-vesicular release and multiple docked vesicles
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Classic theories link cognitive abilities to synaptic properties and human-specific biophysical features of synapses might contribute to the unparalleled performance of the human cerebral cortex. Paired recordings and multiple probability fluctuation analysis revealed similar quantal sizes, but 4-times more functional release sites in human pyramidal cell to fast-spiking interneuron connections compared to rats. These connections were mediated on average by three synaptic contacts in both species. Each presynaptic active zone (AZ) contains 6.2 release sites in human, but only 1.6 in rats. Electron microscopy (EM) and EM tomography showed that an AZ harbors 4 docked vesicles in human, but only a single one in rats. Consequently, a Katz’s functional release site occupies ~0.012 μm2 in the human presynaptic AZ and ~0.025 μm2 in the rat. Our results reveal a robust difference in the biophysical properties of a well-defined synaptic connection of the cortical microcircuit of human and rodents.
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There is evidence for significant neuronal differences between rodents and humans, including distinct membrane and synaptic properties and dendritic complexity of human neurons that might contribute to human-specific signal processing.
“Indeed there is evidence for significant neuronal differences between rodents and human; for example, distinct membrane8,9 and synaptic10–14 properties and dendritic complexity15–17 of human neurons might contribute to human specific signal processing.”
From Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Very large unitary EPSPs that drive human basket and axo-axonic cells to suprathreshold postsynaptic responses were not encountered on rosehip cells.
“Very large unitary EPSPs, described to drive human basket and axo-axonic cells to suprathreshold postsynaptic responses10,11,14, were not encountered on RCs.”
From Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
The sample sizes used in this study are comparable to those in earlier publications.
“our sample sizes are similar to those reported in previous publications10,11,14.”
From Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Molnár, G., Rózsa, M., Baka, J., Holderith, N., Barzó, P., Nusser, Z., & Tamás, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Szeged (HU)
- HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine (HU)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author
- Tamás, Gábor
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2016-08-18
- Volume
- 5
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4999310
- OpenAlex
- W2513955126
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SZTE Publicatio Repozitórium (University of Szeged) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Research Council (INTERIMPACT, 293681)
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA-SZTE Agykergi Neuronhalozatok Kutatocsoport, Lendület, LP2012-29, Janos Bolyai Scholarship)
- Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal (VKSZ_14-1-2015-0155)
- Nemzeti Agykutatasi Program (NAP-A)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- fast-spiking interneurons, docked vesicles, active zone, release sites, quantal size, paired recordings, cortical microcircuits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Interneurons, Synaptic Vesicles, Presynaptic Terminals, Pyramidal Cells, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Rats, Electron Microscope Tomography, Biophysical Phenomena
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