Neuronal Diversity and Temporal Dynamics: The Unity of Hippocampal Circuit Operations
Open accessAbstract
In the cerebral cortex, diverse types of neurons form intricate circuits and cooperate in time for the processing and storage of information. Recent advances reveal a spatiotemporal division of labor in cortical circuits, as exemplified in the CA1 hippocampal area. In particular, distinct GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing) cell types subdivide the surface of pyramidal cells and act in discrete time windows, either on the same or on different subcellular compartments. They also interact with glutamatergic pyramidal cell inputs in a domain-specific manner and support synaptic temporal dynamics, network oscillations, selection of cell assemblies, and the implementation of brain states. The spatiotemporal specializations in cortical circuits reveal that cellular diversity and temporal dynamics coemerged during evolution, providing a basis for cognitive behavior.
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In hippocampal CA1, an interneuron classification starting with morphological features has been successfully implemented.
“In the hippocampal CA1 region, Somogyi and his colleagues have been successful at implementing an interneuron classification that starts with morphological features, i.e. somatic location and dendritic and axonal innervation fields”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008
The section on the soma, axon-initial segment, and dendritic domains (page unavailable) classifies CA1 interneurons by the domains their axons target, and the Conclusion says this classification groups cells according to their temporal activity. Our copy does not establish the claimed starting scheme based on interneuron somatic location and dendritic fields. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOver 20 inhibitory neuron types have been described in the neocortex and hippocampus at a multidimensional resolution.
“Over 20 different types of inhibitory neuron have been described in the neocortex and hippocampus with that level of resolution”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008
The sharp theta-range resonance detected in individual RCs and its potential spread through gap junctions to a rosehip network could phase-selectively interact with long-range inputs, similar to mechanisms suggested for oscillation-dependent memory consolidation.
“The sharp resonance in the theta-range detected in individual RCs and its potential spread through gap junctions to a rosehip network could phase-selectively interact with long range inputs similarly to mechanisms suggested for example in oscillation dependent memory consolidation30,46.”
From Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type (2018) · cites this paper as [46]
The diversity of GABAergic neurons enables an elaborate division of labour in deploying inhibitory control mechanisms to shape spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical circuit computation.
“The spectacular diversity of GABAergic neurons enables an elaborate division of labour in deploying a rich repertoire of inhibitory control mechanisms to shape highly nuanced spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical circuit computation6,7.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Anatomical specialization among cortical interneuron subtypes allows for a division of labor that affords inhibitory networks spatiotemporal control over principal cell activity, rather than providing generalized inhibition.
“Indeed, it is now recognized that anatomical specialization among cortical interneuron subtypes allows for a division of labor that affords inhibitory networks exquisite spatiotemporal control over principal cell activity, rather than providing generalized inhibition (586, 1036).”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [586]
The diversity of interneuron subtypes leads to sophisticated control of synaptic integration along the somatodendritic axis of PCs, as they differentially target distinct subcompartments.
“The diversity of interneuron subtypes leads to sophisticated control of synaptic integration along the somatodendritic axis of PCs, as they differentially target distinct subcompartments (see sect. VIID) (586).”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [586]
Interneuron subtypes fire at specific phases of the oscillatory cycle.
“Moreover, the observations that specific interneuron subtypes are necessary for the generation of coherent cortical and hippocampal oscillations (333, 1200) and that interneuron subtypes fire at specific phases of the oscillatory cycle (586) suggest that synchronization among interneurons is critical for cortical circuit function (151).”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [586]
In rodents, hippocampal theta is a 5-10 Hz oscillation in the local field potential (LFP) and neuronal firing probabilities, occurring during locomotion and in REM sleep.
“In rodents, hippocampal theta is a 5–10 Hz oscillation in the local field potential (LFP) and neuronal firing probabilities (Soltesz and Deschênes, 1993; Lee et al., 1994; Ylinen et al., 1995; Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008; Varga et al., 2012, 2014), occurring during locomotion and in REM sleep (Buzsáki, 2002).”
From Interneuronal mechanisms of hippocampal theta oscillations in a full-scale model of the rodent CA1 circuit (2016) · cites this paper as Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008
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- Authors
- Klausberger, T., & Somogyi, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
- Corresponding author
- Klausberger, Thomas
- ORCID
- Klausberger, Thomas
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-07-04
- Volume
- 321
- Issue
- 5885
- Pages
- 53-57
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4487503
- OpenAlex
- W2008027377
- Cited by
- 2,050
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 133 · 2014: 143 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 116
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- hippocampal CA1, neuronal heterogeneity, GABAergic interneurons, pyramidal neurons, network oscillations, brain states, cortical circuits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Cognition, Dendrites, Biological Evolution, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Hippocampus, Humans, Interneurons, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Synapses, Pyramidal Cells
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