Developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of human cortical circuits

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Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia.

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Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders

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Uniquely Hominid Features of Adult Human Astrocytes

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Regulation of Cerebral Cortical Size by Control of Cell Cycle Exit in Neural Precursors

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Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex

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Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human neocortex

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Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids

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Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain

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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution

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Gene Regulatory Networks and the Evolution of Animal Body Plans

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Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

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A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals

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A taxonomy of transcriptomic cell types across the isocortex and hippocampal formation

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Active perception: sensorimotor circuits as a cortical basis for language

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An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans

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Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell–derived neocortex

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Spatiotemporal gene expression trajectories reveal developmental hierarchies of the human cortex

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Molecular Identity of Human Outer Radial Glia during Cortical Development

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Mapping early brain development in autism

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Gene expression across mammalian organ development

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The evolution of distributed association networks in the human brain

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OSVZ progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling

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Origins, evolution, and phenotypic impact of new genesPreprint

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The Cellular and Molecular Landscapes of the Developing Human Central Nervous System

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Human cerebral cortex development from pluripotent stem cells to functional excitatory synapses

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Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse

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Integrative functional genomic analysis of human brain development and neuropsychiatric risks

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Recurrent rearrangements of chromosome 1q21.1 and variable pediatric phenotypes

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Natural selection on protein-coding genes in the human genome

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Organoid single-cell genomic atlas uncovers human-specific features of brain development

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Patterns of neural stem and progenitor cell division may underlie evolutionary cortical expansion

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A functional microcircuit for cat visual cortex

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The remarkable, yet not extraordinary, human brain as a scaled-up primate brain and its associated cost

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Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology

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Prolonged myelination in human neocortical evolution

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Unique Morphological Features of the Proliferative Zones and Postmitotic Compartments of the Neural Epithelium Giving Rise to Striate and Extrastriate Cortex in the Monkey

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Microstructure of the neocortex: comparative aspects

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Diversity of Human Copy Number Variation and Multicopy Genes

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Activity-dependent neuronal signalling and autism spectrum disorder

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Cell-cycle control and cortical development

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An intrinsic mechanism of corticogenesis from embryonic stem cells

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A Role for Intermediate Radial Glia in the Tangential Expansion of the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex

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Cell stress in cortical organoids impairs molecular subtype specification

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A humanized version of Foxp2 affects cortico-basal ganglia circuits in mice

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Establishing Cerebral Organoids as Models of Human-Specific Brain Evolution

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Directed Differentiation and Functional Maturation of Cortical Interneurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Dendritic action potentials and computation in human layer 2/3 cortical neurons

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Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Integrate Efficiently into Mouse Brain Circuits In Vivo

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A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex

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Cortical Evolution: Judge the Brain by Its Cover

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Functional Maturation of hPSC-Derived Forebrain Interneurons Requires an Extended Timeline and Mimics Human Neural Development

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An evolutionary arms race between KRAB zinc-finger genes ZNF91/93 and SVA/L1 retrotransposons

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Long-read sequencing identifies GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

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Accelerated Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Sequences in Humans

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Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Expand Cortical Neurogenesis through Delta/Notch Regulation

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Dendritic structural plasticity and neuropsychiatric disease

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Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Divergence of the Primate Microglia Program

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Inhibition of SRGAP2 function by its human-specific paralogs induces neoteny during spine maturation

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Autism genes converge on asynchronous development of shared neuron classes

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Spatiotemporal transcriptomic divergence across human and macaque brain development

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Extensive migration of young neurons into the infant human frontal lobe

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Innovations present in the primate interneuron repertoire

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Developmental timing and critical windows for the treatment of psychiatric disorders

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Innovations in Primate Interneuron Repertoire

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GABAergic interneuron diversity and organization are crucial for the generation of human-specific functional neural networks in cerebral organoids

Heesen, S. H., & Köhr, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1389335 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Molecular Lineages and Spatial Distributions of Subplate Neurons in the Human Fetal Cerebral Cortex

Guo, X., Lee, T., Sun, J., Sun, J., Cai, W., Yang, Q., & Sun, T. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202407137 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Epigenome profiling identifies H3K27me3 regulation of extracellular matrix composition in human corticogenesis

Ditzer, N., Senoglu, E., Kolodziejczyk, A., Schütze, T. M., Nikolaidi, A., Küster, K., Sameith, K., Dietz, S., Derihaci, R. P., Birdir, C., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.016 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

A human-specific microRNA controls the timing of excitatory synaptogenesis

Soutschek, M., Bianco, A. L., Galkin, S., Wüst, T., Wentinck, K., Colameo, D., Germade, T., Groß, F., von Ziegler, L., Bohacek, J., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74753-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Functional genomics and systems biology in human neuroscience

Konopka, G., & Bhaduri, A. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06686-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Human-chimpanzee tetraploid system defines mechanisms of species-specific neural gene regulationPreprint

Song, J. H. T., Carter, A. C., Bushinsky, E. M., Beck, S. G., Petrocelli, J. E., Koreman, G. T., Babu, J., Kingsley, D. M., Greenberg, M. E., & Walsh, C. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646367 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Early central nervous system development and neuron regeneration

Yang, R., Ji, F., & Jiao, J. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102286 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Generating and characterizing human telencephalic brain organoids from stem cell-derived single neural rosettes

Ullah, H. M. A., Huang, Q., Chiola, S., Wang, Y., & Shcheglovitov, A. (2025) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-025-01197-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Continuous cell type diversification throughout the embryonic and postnatal mouse visual cortex developmentPreprint

Gao, Y., van Velthoven, C. T. J., Lee, C., Thomas, E. D., Bertagnolli, D., Carey, D., Casper, T., Chakka, A. B., Chakrabarty, R., Clark, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616246 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Mapping the developmental profile of ventricular zone–derived neurons in the human cerebellum

Erickson, A. W., Tan, H., Hendrikse, L. D., Millman, J., Thomson, Z., Golser, J., Khan, O. A., He, G., Bach, K., Mishra, A. S., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2415425122 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Thalamus–cortex interactions drive cell type–specific cortical development in human pluripotent stem cell–derived assembloids

Nishimura, M., Adachi, S., Kodera, T., Sato, A., Takeuchi, R. F., & Osakada, F. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2506573122 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Stem cell-derived models of spinal neurulation

Mirdass, C., Catala, M., Bocel, M., Nedelec, S., & Ribes, V. (2023) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20230087 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

FOS binding sites are a hub for the evolution of activity-dependent gene regulatory programs in human neuronsPreprint

Carter, A. C., Koreman, G. T., Petrocelli, J. E., Robb, J. E., Bushinsky, E. M., Trowbridge, S. K., Kingsley, D. M., Walsh, C. A., Song, J. H. T., & Greenberg, M. E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646366 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Volume electron microscopy reveals 3D synaptic nanoarchitecture in postmortem human prefrontal cortex

Glausier, J. R., Maier, M. J., Bouchet‐Marquis, C., Wu, K., Banks‐Tibbs, T., Melchitzky, D. S., Ning, J., Lewis, D. A., & Freyberg, Z. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112747 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Syngap1 and the development of murine neocortical progenitor cells

Barão, S., Xu, Y., Hong, I., Mueller, U. W., & Huganir, R. L. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66069-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Evolution of Glutamate Metabolism via GLUD2 Enhances Lactate-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity and Complex Cognition

Plaitakis, A., Sidiropoulou, K., Kotzamani, D., Litso, I., Zaganas, I. V., & Spanaki, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105297 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

NeoCoMM: A neocortical neuroinspired computational model for the reconstruction and simulation of epileptiform events

Harrach, M. A., Yochum, M., Ruffini, G., Bartoloméi, F., Wendling, F., & Benquet, P. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108934 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Multiscale spatio-temporal dynamics of UBE3A gene in brain physiology and neurodevelopmental disorders

Biagioni, M., Baronchelli, F., & Fossati, M. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106669 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

If you please, draw me a neuron — linking evolutionary tinkering with human neuron evolution

Libé‐Philippot, B., Polleux, F., & Vanderhaeghen, P. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102260 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Advanced understanding of the neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants: Integrating human neural organoids with multi-omics

Lan, Y., Gao, X., Li, W., Wang, B., Xu, L., & Li, M. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140529 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Environment and Brain Interactions: Typical Development of Learning and Memory Networks From Fetus to Age Two

Leisman, G., Alfasi, R., & D’Angiulli, A. (2025) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin41452 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

How our brains are built: emerging approaches to understand human-specific features

Moss, N. D., Lollis, D., & Silver, D. L. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102278 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Evolutionary scaling and cognitive correlates of primate frontal cortex microstructure

Stimpson, C. D., Smaers, J. B., Raghanti, M. A., Phillips, K. A., Jacobs, B., Hopkins, W. D., Hof, P. R., & Sherwood, C. C. (2023) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-023-02719-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Examining the NEUROG2 lineage and associated gene expression in human cortical organoids

Vasan, L., Chinchalongporn, V., Saleh, F., Zinyk, D. L., Ke, C., Suresh, H., Ghazale, H., Belfiore, L., Touahri, Y., Oproescu, A.-M., et al. (2024) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.202703 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Species-specific Rates of Fatty Acid Metabolism Set the Scale of Temporal Patterning of Corticogenesis through Protein Acetylation DynamicsPreprint

Iwata, R., López, I. M. G., Erkol, E., Limame, R., Vandekeere, A., Bénac, N., Turner-Bridger, B., Planque, M., Ditkowska, M., Lein, V., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672586 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Co-Conservation of synaptic gene expression and circuitry in collicular neurons

Liu, Y., McDaniel, J. A., Chen, C., Yang, L., Kıpçak, A., Savier, E. L., Erişir, A., Cang, J., & Campbell, J. N. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64204-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Brain energetics and the connectionist concept in cognitive neuroscience

Arshavsky, Y. I. (2023) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00184.2023 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Oscillatory control of embryonic development

Chandel, A. S., Keseroǧlu, K., & Özbudak, E. M. (2024) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.202191 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

Vidman, S., Ma, Y. H. E., Fullenkamp, N., & Plant, G. W. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00901 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Robust and Comprehensive Study of the Molecular and Genetic Basis of Neurodevelopmental Delay in a Sample of 3244 Patients, Evaluated by Exome Analysis in a Latin Population

Lamilla, J., Cuesta, T. A. C., Rueda‐Gaitán, P., Pinto, L. C. R., Gutiérrez, D. A. R., Rubio, Y. N. S., Estrada‐Serrato, C., Londoño, O., Rucinski, C., Arcos‐Burgos, M., et al. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030376 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The chromodomain protein CDYL confers forebrain identity to human cortical organoids by inhibiting neuronatin

Yang, Y., Chen, B.-R., Ye, X.-C., Ni, L., Zhang, X.-Y., Liu, Y.-Z., Lyu, T., Tian, Y., Fu, Y.-J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114814 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Human-specific protein-coding and lncRNA genes cast sex-biased genes in the brain and their relationships with brain diseases

He, S., Zhang, X., & Zhu, H. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00659-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states are heritable

Jun, S., Alderson, T. H., Malone, S. M., Harper, J., Hunt, R. H., Thomas, K. M., Iacono, W. G., Wilson, S., & Sadaghiani, S. (2024) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00391 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Human-specific paralogs of SRGAP2 induce neotenic features of microglia structural and functional maturationPreprint

Diaz-Salazar, C., Krzisch, M., Yoo, J., Nano, P. R., Bhaduri, A., Jaenisch, R., & Polleux, F. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601266 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The molecular and cellular underpinnings of human brain lateralizationPreprint

Labache, L., Chopra, S., Zhang, X.-H., & Holmes, A. J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.11.648388 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Mitochondrial Microproteins: Emerging Regulators in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration

Borghol, N., Yandiev, S., & Courchet, J. (2025) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.70058 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Unique and divergent features of human brain development

Salamon, I., Doyle, D. Z., Bandler, R. C., Pattabiraman, K., & Šestan, N. (2025) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2025.103133 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Possible roles of deep cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the neural basis of human sociality

Usui, N. (2023) · Anatomical Science International · doi:10.1007/s12565-023-00747-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Human Developing Cerebral Cortex Is Characterized by an Elevated De Novo Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Excitatory Neurons

Morales-Vicente, D. A., Tahira, A. C., Woellner-Santos, D., Amaral, M. S., Berzoti-Coelho, M. G., & Verjovski‐Almeida, S. (2024) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msae123 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Interneuron Development Reveals Early Emergence of Subtype Diversity Followed by Gradual Electrochemical MaturationPreprint

Bershteyn, M., Zhou, H., Fuentealba, L. C., Chen, C., Subramanyam, G., Cherkowsky, D., Salvatierra, J., Sezan, M., Maury, Y., Havlicek, S., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626662 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Cellular and molecular associations with intrinsic brain organization

Feng, G., Chen, J., Jing Sui （Beijing Normal University）， my correct affiliation is beijing normal university, N. Q. U. O. S. A. T., & Calhoun, V. D. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66291-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Marr's Three Levels for Embryonic Development: Information, Dynamical Systems, Gene Networks

Brückner, D. B., & Tkačik, G. (2025) · PRX Life · doi:10.1103/fdcf-dkws · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Human-specific SRGAP2 paralogs synchronize neotenic microglial maturation and synaptic development

Diaz-Salazar, C., Kim, J., Krzisch, M., Yoo, J., Nano, P. R., Bhaduri, A., Jaenisch, R., Paredes, M., & Polleux, F. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.07.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

Maejima, I., & Sato, K. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01543 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Human-specific genetic modifiers of cortical architecture and function

Zhao, H., & Schmidt, E. R. E. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102241 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Decoding human brain evolution: Insights from genomics

Liu, Y., Li, M., Segal, A., Zhang, M., & Šestan, N. (2025) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2025.103033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Brain organoids and genome editing: A new era in understanding human brain development and disorders

Zhou, M., Cao, Y., Yue, K., Wu, W., Xie, Y., Hu, D., Zhao, J., Xu, F., Guo, J., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01546 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

How thought itself can drive tumour growth

Ibrahim, G. M., & Taylor, M. D. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-01387-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Timing neurogenesis: a clock or an algorithm?

Pigeon, J., & Hassan, B. A. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102156 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

WONOEP appraisal: Modeling early onset epilepsies

Meulemeester, A. D., Reid, C. A., Auvin, S., Carlen, P. L., Cole, A. J., Szlendak, R., Sapia, R. D., Moshé, S. L., Sankar, R., O'Brien, T. J., et al. (2024) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.18063 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

ANTIPODE Provides a Global View of Cell Type Homology and Transcriptomic Divergence in the Developing Mammalian BrainPreprint

Schmitz, M. T., Ding, J. W., Nolbrant, S., McMullen, R., Kim, C. N., Pavlovic, B. J., Nowakowski, T. J., Bakken, T. E., Ye, C., & Pollen, A. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.18.683238 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Post-translational Tuning of Human Cortical Progenitor Neuronal OutputPreprint

Pigeon, J., Dietl, T., Mrad, M. A., Rizzuti, L., Silva, M., Danda, N., Marie, C., Avalos, C. B., Mokrani, H., Khattabi, L. E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684791 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Correspondence of large-scale functional brain network decline across aging mice and humans

Winter-Nelson, E., Bergmann, E., Chan, M. Y., Vill, G., Han, L., Zhang, Z., Kavushansky, A., Dolgopyat, I., Asleh, J., Whitesell, J. D., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2527522123 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Neocortical neurogenesis: a proneural gene perspective

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Genetic Mechanisms Underlying the Evolution of Connectivity in the Human Cortex

Schmidt, E. R. E., & Polleux, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.787164 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Molecular drivers of human cerebral cortical evolution

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Human-specific genetic modifiers of cortical architecture and function

Zhao, H., & Schmidt, E. R. E. (2024) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102241 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Cortical Evolution: Judge the Brain by Its Cover

Geschwind, D. H., & Rakic, P. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.045 · Cited by 519 · see citing works

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Linking Human Cortical Development and Evolution

Libé-Philippot, B., & Vanderhaeghen, P. (2021) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-020705 · Cited by 78 · see citing works