Heart and Brain Interaction of Psychiatric Illness: A Review Focused on Heart Rate Variability, Cognitive Function, and Quantitative Electroencephalography
Open accessAbstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects beat-to-beat variability in the heart rate due to the dynamic interplay of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. HRV is considered an index of the functional status of the autonomic nervous system. A decrease in HRV is thus observed in individuals with autonomic dysfunction. Abnormal HRV has been reported in a range of mental disorders. In this review, we give an overview of HRV in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of whose core symptoms is cognitive dysfunction. The association between HRV and cognitive function is highlighted in this review. This review consists of three main sections. In the first section, we examine how HRV in patients with MDD, schizophrenia, and PTSD is characterized, and how it is different when compared to that in healthy controls. In the second section, beyond the heart itself, we discuss the intimate connection between the heart and the brain, focusing on how HRV interacts with quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in the context of physiological changes in the sleep cycle. Lastly, we finish the review with the examination of the association between HRV and cognitive function. The overall findings indicate that the reduction in HRV is one of main manifestations in MDD, schizophrenia, and PTSD, and also more generally HRV is closely linked to the change in qEEG and also to individual differences in cognitive performance.
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A recent review of non-psychiatric patients presented evidence that, under resting conditions, HF-HRV is associated with greater activity in brain regions involved in working memory, executive functioning, decision making and socially driven interactions, including the right DLPFC, right superior frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex.
“Interestingly, a recent review of non-psychiatric patients presented evidence that, under resting conditions, HF-HRV is associated with greater activity in brain regions involved in working memory, executive functioning, decision making and socially driven interactions, including the right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), right superior frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex74.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
The COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND HRV section reports a positive association between HF-HRV and blood flow in the named prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions, and describes their roles in the cited cognitive and social functions. It does not establish that this association was observed under resting conditions or specifically in non-psychiatric patients. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health
Stogios, N., Gdanski, A., Gerretsen, P., Chintoh, A. F., Graff-Guerrero, A., Rajji, T. K., Remington, G., Hahn, M. K., & Agarwal, S. M. (2021) · npj Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00151-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jung, W., Jang, K.-I., & Lee, S.-H.
- Affiliations
- Keimyung University (KR)
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- Inje University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Seung-Hwan
- Venue
- Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-11-20
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 459-474
- ISSN
- 1738-1088 (ISSN-L)
- 2093-4327
- PMC
- PMC6852682
- OpenAlex
- W2986224028
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
- Inje University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- heart rate variability, heart-brain interaction, autonomic dysfunction, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive impairment, quantitative EEG, sleep cycles, individual differences in cognitive performance
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