Paas, Fred

Memory load and the cognitive pupillary response in aging

Van Gerven, P. W. M., Paas, F., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Schmidt, H. G. (2004) · Psychophysiology

Memory Processes and InfluencesCognitive Functions and Memory

Cited by 292

The Mirror Neuron System and Observational Learning: Implications for the Effectiveness of Dynamic Visualizations

van Gog, T., Paas, F., Marcus, N., Ayres, P., & Sweller, J. (2009) · Educational Psychology Review

Action Observation and SynchronizationVisual and Cognitive Learning Processes

Cited by 284

Effects of worked examples, example-problem, and problem-example pairs on novices’ learning

van Gog, T., Kester, L., & Paas, F. (2011) · Contemporary Educational Psychology

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 283

Five strategies for optimizing instructional materials: instructor-and learner-managed cognitive load

Castro-Alonso, J. C., de Koning, B. B., Fiorella, L., & Paas, F. (2021) · Educational Psychology Review

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 278

Training for reflective expertise: A four-component instructional design model for complex cognitive skills

van Merriënboer, J. J. G., Jelsma, O., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1992) · Educational Technology Research and Development

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 265

Optimising worked example instruction: Different ways to increase germane cognitive load

Paas, F., & van Gog, T. (2006) · Learning and Instruction

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 252

Extending Cognitive Load Theory to Incorporate Working Memory Resource Depletion: Evidence from the Spacing Effect

Chen, O., Castro-Alonso, J. C., Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2018) · Educational Psychology Review

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 239

Reflection prompts and tutor feedback in a web-based learning environment: effects on students' self-regulated learning competence

van den Boom, G., Paas, F., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & van Gog, T. (2004) · Computers in Human Behavior

Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsReflective Practices in Education

Cited by 236

Effects of elicited reflections combined with tutor or peer feedback on self-regulated learning and learning outcomes

van den Boom, G., Paas, F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2007) · Learning and Instruction

Reflective Practices in EducationInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 232

A Cognitive Load Theory Approach to Defining and Measuring Task Complexity Through Element Interactivity

Chen, O., Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 224

How to Optimize Learning From Animated Models: A Review of Guidelines Based on Cognitive Load

Wouters, P., Paas, F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2008) · Review of Educational Research

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 224

Attention guidance during example study via the model’s eye movements

van Gog, T., Jarodzka, H., Scheiter, K., Gerjets, P., & Paas, F. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesIntelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning

Cited by 224

Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: The collective working-memory effect

Kirschner, F., Paas, F., & Kirschner, P. A. (2011) · Applied Cognitive Psychology

Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsVisual and Cognitive Learning Processes

Cited by 219

Cognitive load theory and aging: effects of worked examples on training efficiency

Van Gerven, P. W. M., Paas, F. G. W. C., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Schmidt, H. G. (2002) · Learning and Instruction

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 205

Instructional animations can be superior to statics when learning human motor skills

Wong, A., Marcus, N., Ayres, P., Smith, L., Cooper, G. A., Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesSport Psychology and Performance

Cited by 193

Making the Black Box of Collaborative Learning Transparent: Combining Process-Oriented and Cognitive Load Approaches

Janssen, J., Kirschner, F., Erkens, G., Kirschner, P. A., & Paas, F. (2010) · Educational Psychology Review

Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsVisual and Cognitive Learning Processes

Cited by 180

Interactivity in Video-based Models

Wouters, P., Tabbers, H. K., & Paas, F. (2007) · Educational Psychology Review

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 145

Measuring Cognitive Load

Brünken, R., Seufert, T., & Paas, F. (2010) · Cognitive Load Theory

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 143

Exploring Multidimensional Approaches to the Efficiency of Instructional Conditions

Tuovinen, J. E., & Paas, F. (2004) · Instructional Science

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesInnovative Teaching and Learning Methods

Cited by 134

The synergy of embodied cognition and cognitive load theory for optimized learning

Zou, L., Zhang, Z., Mavilidi, M., Chen, Y., Herold, F., Ouwehand, K., & Paas, F. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesNeuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function

Cited by 131

Timing and Frequency of Mental Effort Measurement: Evidence in Favour of Repeated Measures

van Gog, T., Kirschner, F., Kester, L., & Paas, F. (2012) · Applied Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesHuman-Automation Interaction and Safety

Cited by 130

High versus low contextual interference in simulation-based training of troubleshooting skills: effects on transfer performance and invested mental effort

de Croock, M. B. M., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1998) · Computers in Human Behavior

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesMemory Processes and Influences

Cited by 107

The Relation Between Students’ Effort and Monitoring Judgments During Learning: A Meta-analysis

Baars, M., Wijnia, L., de Bruin, A., & Paas, F. (2020) · Educational Psychology Review

Innovative Teaching and Learning MethodsMemory Processes and Influences

Cited by 101

Giving Learning a Helping Hand: Finger Tracing of Temperature Graphs on an iPad

Agostinho, S., Tindall-Ford, S., Ginns, P., Howard, S. J., Leahy, W., & Paas, F. (2015) · Educational Psychology Review

Visual and Cognitive Learning ProcessesCognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills

Cited by 94