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Mortality Rates in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa and Other Eating Disorders: A Meta-analysis of 36 Studies
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CONTEXT: Morbidity and mortality rates in patients with eating disorders are thought to be high, but exact rates remain to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To systematically compile and analyze the mortality rates in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search, appraisal, and meta-analysis were conducted of the MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases and 4 full-text collections (ie, ScienceDirect, Ingenta Select, Ovid, and Wiley-Blackwell Interscience). STUDY SELECTION: English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 1966, and September 30, 2010, that reported mortality rates in patients with eating disorders. DATA EXTRACTION: Primary data were extracted as raw numbers or confidence intervals and corrected for years of observation and sample size (ie, person-years of observation). Weighted proportion meta-analysis was used to adjust for study size using the DerSimonian-Laird model to allow for heterogeneity inclusion in the analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: From 143 potentially relevant articles, we found 36 quantitative studies with sufficient data for extraction. The studies reported outcomes of AN during 166 642 person-years, BN during 32 798 person-years, and EDNOS during 22 644 person-years. The weighted mortality rates (ie, deaths per 1000 person-years) were 5.1 for AN, 1.7 for BN, and 3.3 for EDNOS. The standardized mortality ratios were 5.86 for AN, 1.93 for BN, and 1.92 for EDNOS. One in 5 individuals with AN who died had committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with eating disorders have significantly elevated mortality rates, with the highest rates occurring in those with AN. The mortality rates for BN and EDNOS are similar. The study found age at assessment to be a significant predictor of mortality for patients with AN. Further research is needed to identify predictors of mortality in patients with BN and EDNOS.
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“due to the high mortality, poor treatment outcomes, and lack of empirically supported treatment options for this population (Arcelus, 2011)”
From Are within- and between-session changes in distress associated with treatment outcomes? Findings from two clinical trials of exposure for eating disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Arcelus, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“as AN has high mortality [5].”
From Terminal anorexia nervosa is a dangerous term: it cannot, and should not, be defined (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arcelus, Jon
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-07-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 724
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093980670
- Cited by
- 2,864
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 185 · 2025: 251 · 2024: 284 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 268 · 2021: 346 · 2020: 241 · 2019: 181 · 2018: 159 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 130 · 2015: 146 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 12.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder not otherwise specified, eating disorders, mortality rates, standardized mortality ratio, suicide, mortality risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anorexia Nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Young Adult
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