The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stroke and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) and stroke are common in elderly individuals, but the relation between these 2 disorders remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between a clinical history of stroke and subsequent risk of AD. DESIGN: A cohort of 1766 Medicare recipients without dementia participated in a longitudinal follow-up study from 1992 through 1999 in upper Manhattan, New York, NY. History of stroke and presence of cardiovascular risk factors were ascertained at the onset of the study. Incidence rates for AD among those with and without stroke were calculated; proportional hazards ratios were computed using age at onset of the disease as the time-to-event variable. RESULTS: The annual incidence for AD was 5.2% among individuals with stroke vs 4% for those without stroke. The hazards ratio for AD among those with a history of stroke was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.4) compared with those without stroke. Of the vascular risk factors, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, only diabetes related to risk of AD in the absence of stroke. Stroke remained weakly associated with AD in the absence of these factors, but risk significantly increased with the additional factors of hypertension (relative risk, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.6), diabetes (relative risk, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-9.5), or heart disease (relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.2). CONCLUSIONS: Stroke is associated with AD among elderly individuals. The relation is strongest in the presence of known vascular risk factors. The observed association between stroke and AD might relate to an underlying systemic vascular disease process, or alternatively, to the additive effects of stroke and AD pathologic features, leading to an earlier age at onset of disease.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Rosenberg, I. H., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Wolf, P. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011613 · Cited by 3,237
Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
Stern, Y. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510370056032 · Cited by 1,434
Self-citationDietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam study
Kalmijn, S., Launer, L. J., Ott, A., Witteman, J. C. M., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420514 · Cited by 895
Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia in a Population-Based Study: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., de Bruyne, M. C., van Harskamp, F., Grobbee, D. E., & Hofman, A. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.2.316 · Cited by 732
Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease:
Breteler, M. M. B. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00110-4 · Cited by 664
Cerebrovascular Pathology and Dementia in Autopsied Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study Participants
WHITE, L., PETROVITCH, H., HARDMAN, J., NELSON, J., DAVIS, D. G., ROSS, G. W., MASAKI, K., LAUNER, L., & MARKESBERY, W. R. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04794.x · Cited by 357
Cited by
Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100416 · Cited by 1,475
Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention
Qiu, C., Kivipelto, M., & von Strauss, E. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.2/cqiu · Cited by 1,261
Kalaria, R. N., Maestre, G. E., Arizaga, R., Friedland, R. P., Galasko, D., Hall, K., Luchsinger, J. A., Ogunniyi, A., Perry, E. K., Potocnik, F., et al. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70169-8 · Cited by 1,233
Self-citationRamasamy, R., Vannucci, S. J., Yan, S. S. D., Herold, K., Yan, S. F., & Schmidt, A. M. (2005) · Glycobiology · doi:10.1093/glycob/cwi053 · Cited by 834
Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease
Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Honig, L. S., Tang, M. X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172914.08967.dc · Cited by 790
Self-citationDiabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective observational studies
Gudala, K., Bansal, D., Schifano, F., & Bhansali, A. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12087 · Cited by 727
Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease
Nunomura, A., Castellani, R. J., Zhu, X., Moreira, P. I., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000228136.58062.bf · Cited by 611
Relation of diabetes to mild cognitive impairment
Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Patel, B., Tang, M.-X., Manly, J. J., & Mayeux, R. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.4.570 · Cited by 592
Self-citationMicroglia, neuroinflammation, and beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer’s disease
Cai, Z., Hussain, M. D., & Yan, L.-J. (2014) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2013.833510 · Cited by 583
The Alzheimer's disease Beta-secretase enzyme, BACE1
Cole, S. L., & Vassar, R. (2007) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-2-22 · Cited by 550
Vascular risk factors and dementia: How to move forward?
Viswanathan, A., Rocca, W. A., & Tzourio, C. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000341271.90478.8e · Cited by 414
Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Kuźma, E., Lourida, I., Moore, S. F., Levine, D. A., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3061 · Cited by 376
Cortes-Canteli, M., Paul, J., Norris, E. H., Bronstein, R., Ahn, H. J., Zamolodchikov, D., Bhuvanendran, S., Fenz, K. M., & Strickland, S. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.014 · Cited by 339
Depletion of GGA3 Stabilizes BACE and Enhances β-Secretase Activity
Tesco, G., Koh, Y. H., Kang, E. L., Cameron, A. N., Das, S., Sena-Esteves, M., Hiltunen, M., Yang, S.-H., Zhong, Z., Shen, Y., et al. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.012 · Cited by 337
Traumatic brain injury: A risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
Sivanandam, T. M., & Thakur, M. K. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.013 · Cited by 326
Vascular Risk Factors for Incident Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia: The Cache County Study
Hayden, K. M., Zandi, P. P., Lyketsos, C. G., Khachaturian, A. S., Bastian, L. A., Charoonruk, G., Tschanz, J. T., Norton, M. C., Pieper, C. F., Munger, R. G., et al. (2006) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/01.wad.0000213814.43047.86 · Cited by 293
Atherosclerosis and AD: Analysis of data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center
Honig, L. S., Kukull, W., & Mayeux, R. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000150886.50187.30 · Cited by 284
Self-citationCardiovascular risk factors and dementia
Fillit, H., Nash, D. T., Rundek, T., & Zuckerman, A. (2008) · The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.06.004 · Cited by 225
Neuropsychological Contributions to the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease
Bondi, M. W., Jak, A. J., Delano-Wood, L., Jacobson, M. W., Delis, D. C., & Salmon, D. P. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9054-1 · Cited by 216
Reitz, C., Tang, M.-X., Schupf, N., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.297 · Cited by 205
Self-citationA summary risk score for the prediction of Alzheimer disease in elderly persons
Reitz, C., Tang, M.-X., Schupf, N., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.136 · Cited by 199
Self-citationCardiovascular Risk Factors and Incident Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Purnell, C., Gao, S., Callahan, C. M., & Hendrie, H. C. (2009) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318187541c · Cited by 189
Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Luchsinger, J. A. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.048 · Cited by 171
Self-citationAlzheimer’s Disease: Exploring the Landscape of Cognitive Decline
Tenchov, R., Sasso, J. M., & Zhou, Q. A. (2024) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00339 · Cited by 170
Burns, J. M., Church, J. A., Johnson, D. K., Xiong, C., Marcus, D., Fotenos, A. F., Snyder, A. Z., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.12.1870 · Cited by 155
Lacunar lesions are independently associated with disability and cognitive impairment in CADASIL
Viswanathan, A., Gschwendtner, A., Guichard, J. P., Buffon, F., Cumurciuc, R., O'Sullivan, M., Holtmannspötter, M., Pachai, C., Bousser, M. G., Dichgans, M., et al. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265221.05610.70 · Cited by 155
Physical Activity, Cognitive Activity, and Cognitive Decline in a Biracial Community Population
Sturman, M. T., Morris, M. C., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Bienias, J. L., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.11.1750 · Cited by 142
Impact of MRI markers in subcortical vascular dementia: A multi-modal analysis in CADASIL
Viswanathan, A., Godin, O., Jouvent, E., O’Sullivan, M., Gschwendtner, A., Peters, N., Duering, M., Guichard, J.-P., Holtmannspötter, M., Dufouil, C., et al. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.001 · Cited by 139
Oligemic Hypoperfusion Differentially Affects Tau and Amyloid-β
Koike, M. A., Green, K. N., Blurton-Jones, M., & LaFerla, F. M. (2010) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.090750 · Cited by 130
Kehoe, P. G. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171119 · Cited by 133
Li, H., Kang, T., Qi, B., Kong, L., Jiao, Y., Cao, Y., Zhang, J., & Yang, J. (2016) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.020 · Cited by 129
The blood brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease
Chakraborty, A., de Wit, N. M., van der Flier, W. M., & de Vries, H. E. (2017) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2016.11.008 · Cited by 118
Cholesterol and statins in Alzheimer’s disease: current controversies.
Fonseca, A. C. R. G., Resende, R., Oliveira, C. R., & Pereira, C. M. F. (2010) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.09.013 · Cited by 93
The Basic Biology of BACE1: A Key Therapeutic Target for Alzheimers Disease
Vassar, R., & Cole, S. (2007) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/138920207783769512 · Cited by 84
Akyuz, E., Arulsamy, A., Aslan, F. S., Sarisözen, B., Guney, B., Hekimoglu, A., Yilmaz, B. N., Retinasamy, T., & Shaikh, M. F. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04333-y · Cited by 69
Puentes-Díaz, N., Chaparro, D., Morales-Morales, D., Flores-Gaspar, A., & Alí-Torres, J. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c06939 · Cited by 67
Kehoe, P. G., Blair, P. S., Howden, B., Thomas, D. L., Malone, I. B., Horwood, J., Clement, C., Selman, L. E., Baber, H., Lane, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170101 · Cited by 35
Tripathi, S., & Mazumder, P. M. (2020) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · doi:10.5530/ijper.54.2s.62 · Cited by 32
Bakulski, K. M., Vadari, H. S., Faul, J. D., Heeringa, S. G., Kardia, S. L. R., Langa, K. M., Smith, J. A., Manly, J. J., Mitchell, C. M., Benke, K. S., et al. (2021) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000576 · Cited by 20
Self-citationLuchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0_7 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Honig, L. S., Tang, M.-X., Albert, S., Costa, R., Luchsinger, J., Manly, J., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R.
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1707
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2171730321
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 12.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
