Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease

Luchsinger, J. A.; Reitz, C.; Honig, L. S.; Tang, M. X.; Shea, Steven; Mayeux, R.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172914.08967.dc

Cited by 790Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease

Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Honig, L. S., Tang, M. X., Shea, Steven, Mayeux, R.·2005·Neurology

DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000172914.08967.dc

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing in the elderly, and vascular risk factors may increase its risk. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the aggregation of vascular risk factors with AD. METHODS: The authors followed 1,138 individuals without dementia at baseline (mean age 76.2) for a mean of 5.5 years. The presence of vascular risk factors was related to incident possible and probable AD. RESULTS: Four risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and current smoking) were associated with a higher risk of AD (p < 0.10) when analyzed individually. The risk of AD increased with the number of risk factors (diabetes + hypertension + heart disease + current smoking). The adjusted hazards ratio of probable AD for the presence of three or more risk factors was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.8, 6.3; p for trend < 0.0001) compared with no risk factors. Diabetes and current smoking were the strongest risk factors in isolation or in clusters, but hypertension and heart disease were also related to a higher risk of AD when clustered with diabetes, smoking, or each other. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increased with the number of vascular risk factors. Diabetes and current smoking were the strongest risk factors, but clusters including hypertension and heart disease also increased the risk of AD. These associations are unlikely to be explained by misclassification of the outcome, given strong associations when only probable AD is considered.

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Diabetes is related to a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease.
“Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for diabetes, and numerous studies have shown a relation of diabetes with higher Alzheimer’s disease risk.”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
“Diabetes has been related to a higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia (Luchsinger et al., 2005; Luchsinger et al., 2007b; Luchsinger et al., 2001).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of vascular dementia.
“Diabetes has been related to a higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia (Luchsinger et al., 2005; Luchsinger et al., 2007b; Luchsinger et al., 2001).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease.
“Diabetes has been related to a higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia (Luchsinger et al., 2005; Luchsinger et al., 2007b; Luchsinger et al., 2001).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
“Diabetes has been related to a higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia (Luchsinger et al., 2005; Luchsinger et al., 2007b; Luchsinger et al., 2001).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005

The hazard ratio relating diabetes with Alzheimer's disease was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.8, 3.2).
“The hazard ratio relating diabetes with Alzheimer’s disease was 2.4 (95 % CI: 1.8, 3.2).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
The association between diabetes and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment was appreciably attenuated after adjustment for socio-economic variables and vascular risk factors (hazard ratio = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.8).
“Diabetes was also related to a higher risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (1.4; 95% CI: 1.0,1.9), but this association was appreciably attenuated after adjustment for socio-economic variables and vascular risk factors (1.2; 95% CI: 0.9,1.8).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes was related to a significantly higher risk of all-cause mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.8) after adjustment for all covariates.
“Diabetes was related to a significantly higher risk of all-cause mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0,1.8) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio= 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0,2.2) after adjustment for all covariates.”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes was related to a significantly higher risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2) after adjustment for all covariates.
“Diabetes was related to a significantly higher risk of all-cause mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0,1.8) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio= 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0,2.2) after adjustment for all covariates.”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005
Diabetes was related to a higher risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.9).
“Diabetes was also related to a higher risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (1.4; 95% CI: 1.0,1.9), but this association was appreciably attenuated after adjustment for socio-economic variables and vascular risk factors (1.2; 95% CI: 0.9,1.8).”
From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Luchsinger et al., 2005

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Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease
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Presynaptic α-Synuclein Aggregates, Not Lewy Bodies, Cause Neurodegeneration in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
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<scp>A</scp>rizona <scp>S</scp>tudy of <scp>A</scp>ging and <scp>N</scp>eurodegenerative <scp>D</scp>isorders and <scp>B</scp>rain and <scp>B</scp>ody <scp>D</scp>onation <scp>P</scp>rogram
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The protocols for the 10/66 dementia research group population-based research programme
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Coronary heart disease, heart failure, and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Mid- and Late-Life Diabetes in Relation to the Risk of Dementia
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A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development
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Associations Between Serum Cholesterol Levels and Cerebral Amyloidosis
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Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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“90 93 96 101 There were 12 articles where baseline measures were taken in midlife (>40 and ≤65 years)(88) 93 96 98 99 101–103 105–108 and 9 articles where the baseline was in late life (>65 years).(89) 91 92 94 95 97 100 104 109 One study included those in earlier adult life with baseline age ~26 years.”
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Heart disease as a risk factor for dementia
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Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia
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Thyroid Function and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease<subtitle>The Framingham Study</subtitle>
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The Utility of Cerebral Blood Flow as a Biomarker of Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
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Aβ Amyloid Pathology Affects the Hearts of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
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A summary risk score for the prediction of Alzheimer disease in elderly persons
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Identification of novel loci for Alzheimer disease and replication of CLU, PICALM, and BIN1 in Caribbean Hispanic individuals
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Incident Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature
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Can a Bacterial Endotoxin be a Key Factor in the Kinetics of Amyloid Fibril Formation?
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Association of subclinical hearing loss with cognitive performance
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Metabolic syndrome and dementia risk in a multiethnic elderly cohort
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Brain bank of the Brazilian aging brain study group - a milestone reached and more than 1,600 collected brains
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Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
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Vascular Risk Factors and Dementia: 40-Year Follow-Up of a Population-Based Cohort
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Low Cardiac Index Is Associated With Incident Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
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Limited Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration in experimental obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Authors: Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Honig, L. S., Tang, M. X., Shea, S., & Mayeux, R.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Luchsinger, J. A.
Reitz, C.
Honig, L. S.
Shea, Steven
Mayeux, R.
Venue: Neurology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2005-08-23
Volume: 65
Issue: 4
Pages: 545-551
ISSN: 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
1526-632X
DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000172914.08967.dc
OpenAlex: W2009869050
Cited by: 790
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 48
FWCI: 24.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P01AG007232, K08AG020856, AG 07702, AG 07232, 1K08 AG 20856-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, vascular risk factors, risk factor aggregation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, smoking, incident dementia, older adults
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebral Arteries, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking, Dementia, Vascular, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Causality, Incidence, Risk Assessment, Diabetes Complications

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Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease

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