Cited by 289Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Intrathecal Chemokine Synthesis in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

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Galimberti, Daniela, Schoonenboom, Niki, Scheltens, Philip, Fenoglio, Chiara, Bouwman, Femke, Venturelli, Eliana, Guidi, Ilaria, Blankenstein, Marinus A. +2 more·2006·Archives of Neurology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immunoreactivity for several chemokines and for their related receptors has been demonstrated in resident cells of the central nervous system, and the up-regulation of some of them is associated with pathological changes found in Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To determine interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with AD as compared with age-matched controls. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight subjects with amnestic MCI, 36 patients with AD, and 41 age-matched subjects with noninflammatory affections of the nervous system. DESIGN: Evaluation of CSF chemokine production at time of diagnosis of MCI and AD; correlation with clinical and personal data. Longitudinal evaluation of subjects with MCI until conversion to AD. RESULTS: Cerebrospinal fluid IP-10 concentration was significantly increased in patients with MCI and mild AD but not in patients with severe AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score <15), whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 levels were increased in patients with MCI and all patients with AD. A significant positive correlation between Mini-Mental State Examination score and CSF IP-10 or MCP-1 concentration was observed in patients with AD. No correlation between IP-10 levels and age was found, whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 levels correlated positively with age. Out of 38 subjects with MCI, 19 developed AD within a 1- to 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of inflammatory molecules is likely to be a very early event in AD pathogenesis, even preceding the clinical onset of the disease, as demonstrated by subjects with MCI who developed AD over time. Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 is specifically increased in MCI and seems to decrease with the progression of AD, whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 are up-regulated also in late stages of the disease, suggesting a role in phases in which neurodegeneration is prevalent.

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Crossref · 10.1001/archneur.63.4.538

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Authors
Galimberti, D., Schoonenboom, N., Scheltens, P., Fenoglio, C., Bouwman, F., Venturelli, E., Guidi, I., Blankenstein, M. A., Bresolin, N., & Scarpini, E.
Affiliations
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Neurology, Inc (US)
Venue
Archives of Neurology
Published
2006-04-01
Volume
63
Issue
4
Pages
538
ISSN
0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2158143414
Cited by
289
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
FWCI
10.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, chemokines, cerebrospinal fluid, CXCL10, MCP-1, interleukin-8, neuroinflammation, disease progression, neurodegeneration, cognitive decline
MeSH terms
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins, Cognition Disorders, Encephalitis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Statistics as Topic, Up-Regulation, Interleukin-8, Chemokines, Chemokine CCL2, Chemokines, CXC, Chemokine CXCL10

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