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Cited by 527Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMental Health Treatment and AccessChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders.

Brook, David W., Brook, Judith S., Zhang, Chenshu, Cohen, Patricia, Whiteman, Martin·2002·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1039
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Children in the Community Study is a prospective longitudinal study investigating the association between early drug use (childhood, adolescence, and early 20s) and later psychiatric disorders (in the late 20s). METHODS: Using data from a community-based sample of 736 adults (50% female) from upstate New York, the subjects were interviewed at the mean ages of 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Psychiatric disorders, measured by age-appropriate versions of the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and participant's drug use were assessed. RESULTS: Adolescent and young adult tobacco use was significantly associated with an increased risk of alcohol dependence and substance use disorders at a mean age of 27 years, but not with new episodes of major depressive disorder. Earlier alcohol use significantly predicted later major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders in the late 20s, as did early marijuana use and other illicit drug use. Except for the effect of tobacco use on major depressive disorder, early drug use was significantly related to later psychiatric disorders, even after statistically controlling for age, sex, parental educational level, family income, and prior episodes of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that early drug use is associated with and predicts later psychiatric disorders. Preventive implications stem from the importance of studying a range of psychiatric disorders in the context of substance use assessed over a wide age range.

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Authors
Brook, D. W., Brook, J. S., Zhang, C., Cohen, P., & Whiteman, M.
Affiliations
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2002-11-01
Volume
59
Issue
11
Pages
1039
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1039
OpenAlex
W1986841495
Cited by
527
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 29
FWCI
12.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 03188, R01DA003188, DA00244)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
early drug use, major depressive disorder, alcoholism, substance use disorders, tobacco use, cannabis use, illicit drug use, adolescent substance use, young adult substance use, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use prevention
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New York, Prospective Studies, Risk, Smoking, Comorbidity, Substance-Related Disorders

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