Trends in Smoking Among Adults With Mental Illness and Association Between Mental Health Treatment and Smoking Cessation
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Significant progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States. However, tobacco cessation efforts have focused on the general population rather than individuals with mental illness, who demonstrate greater rates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether declines in tobacco use have been realized among individuals with mental illness and examine the association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Use of nationally representative surveys of noninstitutionalized US residents to compare trends in smoking rates between adults with and without mental illness and across multiple disorders (2004-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [MEPS]) and to compare rates of smoking cessation among adults with mental illness who did and did not receive mental health treatment (2009-2011 National Survey of Drug Use and Health [NSDUH]).The MEPS sample included 32,156 respondents with mental illness (operationalized as reporting severe psychological distress, probable depression, or receiving treatment for mental illness) and 133,113 without mental illness. The NSDUH sample included 14,057 lifetime smokers with mental illness. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Current smoking status (primary analysis; MEPS sample) and smoking cessation, operationalized as a lifetime smoker who did not smoke in the last 30 days (secondary analysis; NSDUH sample). RESULTS: Adjusted smoking rates declined significantly among individuals without mental illness (19.2% [95% CI, 18.7-19.7%] to 16.5% [95% CI, 16.0%-17.0%]; P < .001) but changed only slightly among those with mental illness (25.3% [95% CI, 24.2%-26.3%] to 24.9% [95% CI, 23.8%- 26.0%]; P = .50), a significant difference in difference of 2.3% (95% CI, 0.7%-3.9%) (P = .005). Individuals with mental illness who received mental health treatment within the previous year were more likely to have quit smoking (37.2% [95% CI, 35.1%-39.4%]) than those not receiving treatment (33.1% [95% CI, 31.5%-34.7%]) (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Between 2004 and 2011, the decline in smoking among individuals with mental illness was significantly less than among those without mental illness, although quit rates were greater among those receiving mental health treatment. This suggests that tobacco control policies and cessation interventions targeting the general population have not worked as effectively for persons with mental illness.
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Individuals with serious mental illness have the highest smoking rates and higher smoking severity.
“This is especially problematic for individuals with serious mental illness, who have the highest smoking rates and higher smoking severity 136 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [136]
The Conclusions and Relevance passage says smoking rates are higher among people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses, and associates mental illness generally with greater smoking severity. It does not establish that people with serious mental illness have the highest rates of all groups, or specifically attribute greater smoking severity to that subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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BackgroundO’Brien, B., Knight-West, O., Walker, N. K., Parag, V., & Bullen, C. (2015) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12971-015-0030-2 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Despite a reduction in smoking prevalence across the general population of most developed countries, there has been little progress in boosting successful quit rates among smokers with mental illness [7,18,19].”
BackgroundPoor Mental Health and Reduced Decline in Smoking Prevalence
Steinberg, M. L., Williams, J. M., & Li, Y.-Q. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.016 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Solmi, M., Siddiqi, N., Smith, L., Carvalho, A. F., & Koyanagi, A. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.018 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kalkhoran, S., Thorndike, A. N., Rigotti, N. A., Fung, V., & Baggett, T. P. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04857-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sharma, R., Wigginton, B., Meurk, C., Ford, P. J., & GARTNER, C. E. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14010007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Gilbody, S. M., Peckham, E. J., Man, M., Mitchell, N., Li, J., Becque, T., Hewitt, C. E., Knowles, S. E., Bradshaw, T., Planner, C., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00091-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Patterns of electronic cigarette use and level of psychological distress
Park, S. H., Lee, L., Shearston, J. A., & Weitzman, M. L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173625 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Besson, M., & Forget, B. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00160 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Indeed, while tobacco smoking rates significantly declined from 2004 to 2011 in people without psychiatric illness, this is not the case in people with anxiety disorders (117).”
BackgroundIlyas, A., Chesney, E., & Patel, R. (2017) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.117.203240 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The challenge of reducing smoking in people with serious mental illness
Sharma, R., GARTNER, C. E., & Hall, W. (2016) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30228-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Adults with Mental Health Conditions, 2015
Spears, C. A., Jones, D. M., Weaver, S. R., Pechacek, T. F., & Eriksen, M. P. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14010010 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Although smoking rates have declined significantly in the general population [1,24], they remain disproportionately high among individuals with MHC [5,25,26], and associations between smoking and psychopathology have actually strengthened over time [27].”
BackgroundE-Cigarette Use among Smokers with Serious Mental Illness
Prochaska, J. J., & Grana, R. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113013 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Smoking prevalence among persons with SMI has declined more slowly relative to the general population suggesting national tobacco control policies have not reached this group as effectively [7].”
BackgroundMalik, A. O., Peri-Okonny, P., GOSCH, K. L., Thomas, M. B., Mena, C. I., Hiatt, W. R., Jones, P. G., Provance, J., Labrosciano, C., Jelani, Q., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8741 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tibuakuu, M., Okunrintemi, V., Jirru, E., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Orimoloye, O. A., Mehta, P. K., DeFilippis, A. P., Blaha, M. J., & Michos, E. D. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4585 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Tobacco use in bipolar disorder
Thomson, D., Berk, M., Dodd, S., Rapado-Castro, M., Quirk, S. E., Ellegaard, P. K., Berk, L., & Dean, O. M. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Streck, J. M., Weinberger, A. H., Pacek, L. R., Gbedemah, M., & Goodwin, R. D. (2018) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty227 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Siskind, D. J., Wu, B. T., Wong, T., Firth, J., & Kisely, S. R. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30261-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jeon, H., Kwon, J. S., Park, S., & Shin, J. (2021) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2020.251 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“smocking and alcohol consumption) and a low socioeconomic status,(17-19) these factors may also contribute to a worse prognosis of”
BackgroundLawrence, D. M., & Williams, J. M. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv272 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Chen, L., Baker, T. B., Brownson, R. C., Carney, R. M., Jorenby, D. E., Hartz, S. M., Smock, N., Johnson, M., Ziedonis, D. M., & Bierut, L. J. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0065-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
How can we promote smoking cessation in people with schizophrenia in practice? A clinical overview
Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Bobes, J., Hert, M. A. F. D., & Mitchell, A. J. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12412 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Whilst significant progress has been made in reducing smoking rates in the general population, less of an impact has been made on smoking rates among people with mental health diagnoses (17) and it is apparent that the difference in smoking prevalence is widening (14).”
BackgroundCigarette smoking among those with mental disorders in the US population: 2012–2013 update
Smith, P. H., Chhipa, M., Bystrik, J., Roy, J., Goodwin, R. D., & McKee, S. A. (2018) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054268 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Oral health self‐care behaviours in serious mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Turner, E., Berry, K., Aggarwal, V. R., Quinlivan, L. M., Villanueva, T., & Palmier‐Claus, J. E. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13308 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk among people with severe mental illness: A cohort study
Cunningham, R., Poppe, K., Peterson, D., Every‐Palmer, S., Soosay, I., & Jackson, R. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221521 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“[1–4] Established risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and obesity partly explain the increased CVD risk.[5,6] However, there is evidence that the increased risk exceeds that due to established risk factors.”
BackgroundFriedman, A. S., Schpero, W. L., & Busch, S. H. (2016) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1540 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Weare, R., Green, C., Olasoji, M., & Plummer, V. (2019) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2019.03.001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Huddlestone, L., Shoesmith, E., Pervin, J., Lorencatto, F., Watson, J., & Ratschen, E. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Weinberger, A. H., Pacek, L. R., Sheffer, C. E., Budney, A. J., Lee, J., & Goodwin, R. D. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.010 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Scores of 13 or greater were classified as indicating SPD consistent with other research (Cook et al., 2014; Lawrence and Williams, 2016; Weissman et al., 2015, 2018).”
Boland, V. C., Stockings, E., Mattick, R. P., McRobbie, H. J., Brown, J., & Courtney, R. J. (2016) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw391 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“[14, 15] However, despite established efficacy in the general population,[11] these treatment approaches have proven less effective among disadvantaged smokers and as such, quit rates among these groups remain disproportionately low.”
BackgroundAchieving Smoking Cessation Among Persons with Opioid Use Disorder
Vlad, C., Arnsten, J. H., & Nahvi, S. (2020) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00701-z · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Siegel, S. D., Lerman, C. E., Flitter, A., & Schnoll, R. A. (2020) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0259 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Furthermore, while rates of smoking among people with serious mental illness (101), substance use conditions (57), and among those from the LGBTQ community (102) are 2–3 times the rate of the general population, no data on the NMR are currently available for these communities, making it challenging to guideNMR-based t…”
BackgroundReal-time video counselling for smoking cessation
Tzelepis, F., Paul, C. L., Williams, C. M., Gilligan, C., Regan, T. W., Daly, J., Hodder, R. K., Byrnes, E., Byaruhanga, J., McFadyen, T., et al. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012659.pub2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Maurus, I., Wagner, S. A., Spaeth, J., Vogel, A., Muenz, S., Seitz, V., von Philipsborn, P., Solmi, M., Firth, J., Stubbs, B., et al. (2024) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1766 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Apart from increased rates of alcohol and tobacco consumption [17], unhealthy nutrition [18], sleep difficulties [19], physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviour [20, 21] are more prevalent in patients with SMI, and although modifiable, they contribute to the markedly higher prevalence of…”
Factors Affecting Noncompliance With Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment
Fareed, A., Eilender, P., Ketchen, B. R., Buchanan‐Cummings, A. M., Scheinberg, K., Crampton, K., Nash, A. I., Shongo-Hiango, H., & Drexler, K. P. G. (2014) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000057 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…of tobacco use, substance use, and mental health concurrently include mental health providers believing smoking cessation will increase psychiatric symptoms, failure to appreciate the health effects of tobacco use, and the smoking culture in mental health treatment settings (Le Cook et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialTelephone Smoking-Cessation Counseling for Smokers in Mental Health Clinics
Rogers, E. S., Smelson, D. A., Gillespie, C. C., Elbel, B., Poole, S., Hagedorn, H. J., Kalman, D., Krebs, P., Fang, Y., Wang, B., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“declined at a slower rate than the prevalence among individuals without mental illness.(3) Nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and behavioral counseling are recognized as effective treatments for smokers with and without mental illness.”
BackgroundSmoking during pregnancy in the United States, 2005–2014: The role of depression
Goodwin, R. D., Cheslack‐Postava, K., Nelson, D. B., Smith, P. H., Wall, M. M., Hasin, D. S., Nomura, Y., & Galea, S. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Prior studies have suggested that broad national public smoking cessation programs do not similarly affect individuals with mental health problems, consistent with our findings (Cook et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultShahwan, S., Abdin, E., Shafie, S., Chang, S. S. H., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., Vaingankar, J. A., Teo, Y. Y., Heng, D., Chong, S. A., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032198 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England
Brose, L. S., Brown, J., Robson, D., & McNeill, A. D. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09308-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Figures for the US similarly show an increased burden of smoking among those with mental health problems [6, 7].”
BackgroundUser Experience Evaluation of a Smoking Cessation App in People With Serious Mental Illness
Vilardaga, R., Rizo, J. L., Kientz, J. A., McDonell, M. G., Ries, R. K., & Sobel, K. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv256 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Metse, A. P., Wiggers, J. H., Wye, P. M., Wolfenden, L., Freund, M., Clancy, R., Stockings, E., Terry, M., Allan, J., Colyvas, K., et al. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417692424 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“, 2015; Szatkowski and McNeill, 2015) suggest that this group has not benefited as much from population-wide smoking cessation interventions relative to those without a mental illness (Cook et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMalone, V., Harrison, R., & Daker‐White, G. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12458 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Weinberger, A. H., Zhu, J., Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., Wyka, K., & Goodwin, R. D. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa061 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Case in Favor of E-Cigarettes for Tobacco Harm Reduction
Nitzkin, J. L. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110606459 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“In addition, mental health patients have a harder time quitting than others [43].”
BackgroundMelzer, A. C., Pinsker, E. A., Clothier, B. A., Noorbaloochi, S., Burgess, D. J., Danan, E. R., & Fu, S. S. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0501-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Importantly, there was no difference in accuracy among patients with mental health diagnoses—a group with high smoking rates that is a priority for cessation interventions [24].”
BackgroundTobacco Control 50 Years After the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report
Schroeder, S. A., & Koh, H. K. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.285243 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
E-cigarette Use in Veterans Seeking Mental Health and/or Substance Use Services
Hefner, K. R., Rosenheck, R. A., Merrel, J. D., Coffman, M., Valentine, G., & Sofuoglu, M. (2016) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2016.1172895 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…for individuals with mental health or substance use disorders—a population that smokes at increased rates as compared to the general population (Lasser et al., 2000; Cook et al., 2014; Hartz et al., 2014; Mackowick, Lynch, Weinberger, & George, 2012; Vanable, Carey, Carey, & Maisto, 2003).”
BackgroundSmoking Use and Cessation Among People with Serious Mental Illness.
Annamalai, A., Singh, N., & O’Malley, S. S. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Simon, J., Wienand, D., Park, A., Wippel, C., Mayer, S., Heilig, D., Łaszewska, A., Stelzer, I. V., Goodwin, G. M., & McDaid, D. (2022) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Jones, A. L., Cochran, S. D., Leibowitz, A. A., Wells, K. B., Kominski, G. F., & Mays, V. M. (2015) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3417-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“We conducted a lagged cross-sectional study of panel data to estimate MHS use following measurement of usual source of care and the need for MHS. Data.”
MethodInfluentialHuang, L.-X., Kern, M. L., & Oades, L. G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155538 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Smith, P. H., Rose, J. S., Mazure, C. M., Giovino, G. A., & McKee, S. A. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.003 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“However, declines in dependence were greater among those without serious psychological distress than among those with serious psychological distress, mirroring patterns for cigarette consumption (Lê Cook et al., 2014) and suggesting growing differences in dependence based on mental health status.”
BackgroundEvins, A. E., West, R., Benowitz, N. L., Russ, C., Lawrence, D., McRae, T. D., Maravić, M. C., Heffner, J. L., & Anthenelli, R. M. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000032 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Quitline Outcomes for Smokers in 6 States: Rates of Successful Quitting Vary by Mental Health Status
Lukowski, A. V., Morris, C. D., Young, S. E., & Tinkelman, D. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu252 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vickerman, K. A., Schauer, G. L., Malarcher, A. M., Zhang, L., Mowery, P., & Nash, C. M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/817298 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Smoking rates have significantly declined over the past decade among the general population [5], but rates have not declined among individuals with MHCs [6].”
BackgroundResultFan, Z., Gong, X., Xu, H., Wang, H., Zeng, N.-X., Li, L., Yan, C., Wu, L., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.013 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Rogers, E., Gillespie, C. C., Smelson, D. A., & Sherman, S. E. (2017) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx204 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Results: Five “barriers” themes emerged: (1) competing priorities, (2) patient challenges/resistance, (3) complex staffing/challenging cross-discipline coordination, (4) mixed perceptions about whether tobacco is a mental health care responsibility, and (5) limited staff training/comfort in treating tobacco.”
Kulik, M. C., & Glantz, S. A. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Impact of Smoking on Health-Related Quality of Life: A General Population Survey in West Iran
Rezaei, S., Matin, B. K., Karyani, A. K., Woldemichael, A., Khosravi, F., Khosravipour, M., & Rezaeian, S. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.3179 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Despite the higher rate of smoking among people with mental illness, providing appropriate treatment for mentally ill smokers can increase their chance of smoking cessation (Lê Cook et al., 2014).”
Hefner, K. R., Valentine, G. W., & Sofuoglu, M. (2017) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12504 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Baker, A., RICHMOND, R. L., KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J., Filia, S., Castle, D. J., Williams, J. M., Lewin, T. J., Clark, V. L., Callister, R., & Palazzi, K. L. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417714336 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tidey, J. W., Cassidy, R. N., & Miller, M. E. (2016) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw089 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tedeschi, G. J., Cummins, S. E., Anderson, C. M., Anthenelli, R. M., Zhuang, Y.-L., & Zhu, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159127 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“However, some measure of mental health can be used to guide treatment plans, as it is likely that smokers with more mental health concerns need more intensive service [10,16,46].”
BackgroundThe Quit Experience and Concerns of Smokers With Psychiatric Illness
Tulloch, H. E., Pipe, A., Clyde, M. J., Reid, R. D., & Els, C. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ruggles, K. V., Fang, Y., Tate, J., Mentor, S. M., BRYANT, K. J., Fiellin, D. A., Justice, A. C., & Braithwaite, R. S. (2016) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1492-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Schoretsanitis, G., Haen, E., Stegmann, B., Hiemke, C., Gründer, G., & Paulzen, M. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.016 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Consistent epidemiologic data report a higher prevalence of smoking in patients with severe mental illnesses and especially schizophrenia than in the general population (Cook et al., 2014; Gage and Munafo, 2015).”
BackgroundPuleo, G. E., Borger, T. N., Bowling, W. R., & Burris, J. L. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab139 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cook, B. L., Wayne, G. F., Kafali, E. N., Liu, Z., Shu, C., & Flores, M.
- Affiliations
- Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
- Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Southwest University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-01-08
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC5555156
- OpenAlex
- W2028087632
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 31.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh091042-02)
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG023482)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH091042)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- smoking, tobacco use, mental illness, smoking cessation, psychotherapy, nicotine dependence, tobacco use trends, depression, psychological distress, tobacco cessation interventions, tobacco control, adults with mental illness, tobacco harm reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Smoking, Social Control, Formal, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Prevalence, Smoking Cessation, Young Adult
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