Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors

Tai, Li‐Chia; Gao, Wei; Chao, Minghan; Bariya, Mallika; Ngo, Quynh P.; Shahpar, Ziba; Nyein, Hnin Y. Y.; Park, Hyejin; Sun, Junfeng; Jung, Younsu; Wu, Eric; Fahad, Hossain M.; Lien, Der‐Hsien; Ota, Hiroki; Cho, Gyoujin; Javey, Ali

doi:10.1002/adma.201707442

Cited by 310Electrochemical sensors and biosensorsAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting MaterialsAnalytical Chemistry and Sensors

Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors

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Tai, Li‐Chia, Gao, Wei, Chao, Minghan, Bariya, Mallika, Ngo, Quynh P., Shahpar, Ziba, Nyein, Hnin Y. Y., Park, Hyejin +8 more·2018·Advanced Materials

DOI 10.1002/adma.201707442

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Abstract

Drug monitoring plays crucial roles in doping control and precision medicine. It helps physicians tailor drug dosage for optimal benefits, track patients' compliance to prescriptions, and understand the complex pharmacokinetics of drugs. Conventional drug tests rely on invasive blood draws. While urine and sweat are attractive alternative biofluids, the state‐of‐the‐art methods require separate sample collection and processing steps and fail to provide real‐time information. Here, a wearable platform equipped with an electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry sensing module for drug monitoring is presented. A methylxanthine drug, caffeine, is selected to demonstrate the platform's functionalities. Sweat caffeine levels are monitored under various conditions, such as drug doses and measurement time after drug intake. Elevated sweat caffeine levels upon increasing dosage and confirmable caffeine physiological trends are observed. This work leverages a wearable sweat sensing platform toward noninvasive and continuous point‐of‐care drug monitoring and management.

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A wearable sweat-based sensor has been developed for detecting caffeine using pilocarpine-based iontophoretic sweat stimulation or exercise-induced sweat.
“For example, a wearable sweat-based sensor has been developed for detecting caffeine (a methylxanthine drug) using pilocarpine-based iontophoretic sweat stimulation or exercise-induced sweat92.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
The caffeine sensing device was not integrated with the sweat generation device, but was coupled to a commercially available Macroduct sweat collector using pilocarpine delivery.
“Even so, as described, the sensing device was not integrated with the sweat generation device, but rather coupled to a commercially available Macroduct sweat collector using pilocarpine delivery.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
The caffeine sensing platform relied on direct anodic detection of caffeine at a carbon nanotube-based working electrode with a voltammetric scan.
“Rather than using biological recognition, this sensing platform relied on direct anodic detection of caffeine at a carbon nanotube-based working electrode with a voltammetric scan.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [92]

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Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring
Kim, J., Campbell, A. S., de Ávila, B. E.-F., & Wang, J. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y · Cited by 3,373 · see citing works
Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
Luo, Y., Abidian, M. R., Ahn, J., Akinwande, D., Andrews, A. M., Antonietti, M., Bao, Z., Magnus Berggren, A., Berkey, C. A., Bettinger, C. J., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
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Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Flexible Electronics toward Wearable Sensing
Gao, W. F., Ota, H., Kiriya, D., Takei, K., & Javey, A. (2019) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00500 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
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Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review
Gao, F., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Liu, T., Wang, Z., Song, Z., Cai, H., Fang, Z., Chen, J., Wang, J., et al. (2022) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-022-00443-6 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine
Min, J., Tu, J., Xu, C., Lukas, H., Shin, S., Yang, Y., Solomon, S. A., Mukasa, D., & Gao, W. F. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
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An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers
Sempionatto, J. R., Lin, M., Yin, L., De la paz, E., Pei, K., Sonsa-ard, T., de Loyola Silva, A. N., Khorshed, A. A., Zhang, F., Tostado, N., et al. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00685-1 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era
Sempionatto, J. R., Lasalde-Ramírez, J. A., Mahato, K., Wang, J., & Gao, W. (2022) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w · Cited by 613 · see citing works
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Flexible Hybrid Sensors for Health Monitoring: Materials and Mechanisms to Render Wearability
Gao, Y., Yu, L., Yeo, J. C., & Lim, C. T. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902133 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Investigation of Cortisol Dynamics in Human Sweat Using a Graphene-Based Wireless mHealth System
Torrente-Rodríguez, R. M., Tu, J., Yang, Y., Min, J., Wang, M., Song, Y., Yu, Y., Xu, C., Ye, C., IsHak, W. W., et al. (2020) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.021 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
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Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for the Monitoring and Screening of Drugs
Teymourian, H., Parrilla, M., Sempionatto, J. R., Montiel, N. F., Barfidokht, A., Echelpoel, R. V., Wael, K. D., & Wang, J. (2020) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c01318 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare
Gong, S. P., Yan, L., Yin, J., Levin, A., & Cheng, W. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printed Electrochemical Sensors for Wearable and Medical Devices
Bariya, M., Shahpar, Z., Park, H., Sun, J., Jung, Y., Gao, W., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Liaw, T. S., Tai, L.-C., Ngo, Q. P., et al. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b02505 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
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Deep learning-enabled triboelectric smart socks for IoT-based gait analysis and VR applications
Zhang, Z., He, T., Zhu, M., Sun, Z., Shi, Q., Zhu, J., Dong, B., Yuce, M. R., & Lee, C. (2020) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-020-00092-7 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Wearable Sensors for Biochemical Sweat Analysis
Bandodkar, A. J., Jeang, W. J., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114910 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat
Nyein, H. Y. Y., Bariya, M., Kivimäki, L., Uusitalo, S., Liaw, T. S., Jansson, E., Ahn, C. H., Hangasky, J. A., Zhao, J., Lin, Y., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw9906 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
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Wearable flexible sweat sensors for healthcare monitoring: a review
Chung, M., Fortunato, G., & Radacsi, N. (2019) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0217 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
The Era of Digital Health: A Review of Portable and Wearable Affinity Biosensors
Tu, J., Torrente-Rodríguez, R. M., Wang, M., & Gao, W. F. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201906713 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
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Weaving Sensing Fibers into Electrochemical Fabric for Real‐Time Health Monitoring
Wang, L., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., Li, S., Sun, X., Zhang, B., & Peng, H. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201804456 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Flexible Electrochemical Bioelectronics: The Rise of In Situ Bioanalysis
Yu, Y., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Gao, W. F., & Javey, A. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902083 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
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Wearable plasmonic-metasurface sensor for noninvasive and universal molecular fingerprint detection on biointerfaces
Wang, Y., Zhao, C., Wang, J., Luo, X., Xie, L., Zhan, S., Kim, J., Wang, X., Liu, X., & Ying, Y. B. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4553 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Nanomaterial‐Enabled Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: Processing, Integration, and Applications
Yao, S., Ren, P., Song, R., Liu, Y., Huang, Q., Dong, J., O’Connor, B. T., & Zhu, Y. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902343 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
A Fully Integrated and Self-Powered Smartwatch for Continuous Sweat Glucose Monitoring
Zhao, J., Lin, Y., Wu, J., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Bariya, M., Tai, L., Chao, M., Ji, W., Zhang, G. B., Fan, Z., et al. (2019) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b00891 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
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Wearable electrochemical biosensors in North America
Min, J., Sempionatto, J. R., Teymourian, H., Wang, J., & Gao, W. F. (2020) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112750 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
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Reshaping healthcare with wearable biosensors
Smith, A. A., Li, R., & Tse, Z. T. H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26951-z · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Polymer nanocomposite meshes for flexible electronic devices
Gong, M., Zhang, L., & Wan, P. (2020) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101279 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics
Ding, Y., Jiang, J., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, Y., Huang, Q., & Zheng, Z. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
On-Site Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Ates, H. C., Roberts, J. A., Lipman, J., Cass, A. E. G., Urban, G. A., & Dincer, C. (2020) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.001 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Photo-Rechargeable Fabrics as Sustainable and Robust Power Sources for Wearable Bioelectronics
Zhang, N., Huang, F., Zhao, S., Lv, X., Zhou, Y., Xiang, S., Xu, S., Li, Y., Chen, G., Tao, C., et al. (2020) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.022 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence-powered electronic skin
Xu, C., Solomon, S. A., & Gao, W. (2023) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-023-00760-z · Cited by 259 · see citing works
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Epidermal enzymatic biosensors for sweat vitamin C: Toward personalized nutrition
Sempionatto, J. R., Khorshed, A. A., Ahmed, A., De Loyola e Silva, A. N., Barfidokht, A., Yin, L., Goud, K. Y., Mohamed, M. A., Bailey, E., May, J., et al. (2020) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c00604 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Wearable and Mobile Sensors for Personalized Nutrition
Sempionatto, J. R., Montiel, V. R.-V., Vargas, E., Teymourian, H., & Wang, J. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c00553 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Wearable and Implantable Electronics: Moving toward Precision Therapy
Song, Y., Min, J., & Gao, W. F. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b08323 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
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Recent advances and perspectives in sweat based wearable electrochemical sensors
Mohan, A. M. V., Rajendran, V., Mishra, R. K., & Mathiyarasu, J. (2020) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.116024 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Wearable Chemical Sensors: Emerging Systems for On-Body Analytical Chemistry
Sempionatto, J. R., Jeerapan, I., Krishnan, S., & Wang, J. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04668 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors: Material Synthesis, Sensor Design, and Personal Health Monitoring
Peng, B., Zhao, F., Ping, J., & Ying, Y. (2020) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202002681 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The new generation of soft and wearable electronics for health monitoring in varying environment: From normal to extreme conditions
Niu, Y., Liu, H., He, R., Li, Z., Ren, H., Gao, B., Guo, H., Genin, G. M., & Xu, F. (2020) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.10.004 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Diving into Sweat: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Wearable Sweat Sensing
Childs, A., Mayol, B., Lasalde‐Ramírez, J. A., Song, Y., Sempionatto, J. R., & Gao, W. F. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c10344 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
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The challenges and promise of sweat sensing
Davis, N., Heikenfeld, J. C., Milla, C. E., & Javey, A. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-02059-1 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
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A conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS hydrogel based wearable sensor for accurate uric acid detection in human sweat
Xu, Z., Song, J., Liu, B., Lv, S., Gao, F., Luo, X., & Wang, P. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130674 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities for wearable biochemical sensors for sweat analysis
Ghaffari, R., Rogers, J. A., & Ray, T. R. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.129447 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics
Xu, J., Fang, Y., & Chen, J. (2021) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios11080245 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Skin in the diagnostics game: Wearable biosensor nano- and microsystems for medical diagnostics
Dervisevic, M., Alba, M., Prieto‐Simón, B., & Voelcker, N. H. (2019) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100828 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Flexible and Superwettable Bands as a Platform toward Sweat Sampling and Sensing
He, X., Xu, T., Gu, Z., Gao, W. F., Xu, L., Pan, T., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05875 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
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Interstitial fluid-based wearable biosensors for minimally invasive healthcare and biomedical applications
Wu, Z., Qiao, Z., Chen, S., Fan, S., Liu, Y., Qi, J., & Lim, C. T. (2024) · Communications Materials · doi:10.1038/s43246-024-00468-6 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Integrated Smart Janus Textile Bands for Self-Pumping Sweat Sampling and Analysis
He, X., Yang, S., Pei, Q., Song, Y., Liu, C., Xu, T., & Zhang, X. (2020) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c00563 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Porous Enzymatic Membrane for Nanotextured Glucose Sweat Sensors with High Stability toward Reliable Noninvasive Health Monitoring
Lin, Y., Bariya, M., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Kivimäki, L., Uusitalo, S., Jansson, E., Ji, W., Yuan, Z., Happonen, T., Liedert, C., et al. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201902521 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
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Transforming Healthcare: Intelligent Wearable Sensors Empowered by Smart Materials and Artificial Intelligence
Chen, S., Fan, S., Qiao, Z., Wu, Z., Lin, B., Li, Z., Riegler, M. A., Wong, M. Y. H., Opheim, A. I., Korostynska, O., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202500412 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics
Ghaffari, R., Yang, D. S., Kim, J., Mansour, A., Wright, J. A., Model, J. B., Wright, D. E., Rogers, J. A., & Ray, T. R. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c01133 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Wearable Sweat Band for Noninvasive Levodopa Monitoring
Tai, L.-C., Liaw, T. S., Lin, Y., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Bariya, M., Ji, W., Hettick, M., Zhao, C., Zhao, J., Hou, L., et al. (2019) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02478 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
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Wearable flexible microfluidic sensing technologies
Chen, S., Zheng, Q., Niu, Y., Yeo, J. C., Liu, Y., Qi, J., Fan, S., Liu, X., Lee, J. Y., & Lim, C. T. (2023) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-023-00094-w · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Wearable electrochemical sensors for forensic and clinical applications
Ferreira, P. C., Ataide, V. N., Chagas, C. L. S., Angnes, L., Coltro, W. K. T., Paixão, T. R. L. C., & de Araujo, W. R. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115622 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Ultrasensitive Physical, Bio, and Chemical Sensors Derived from 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐D Nanocellulosic Materials
Dai, L., Wang, Y., Zou, X., Chen, Z., Liu, H., & Ni, Y. (2020) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201906567 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices
Lyu, Q., Gong, S. P., Yin, J., Dyson, J. M., & Cheng, W. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202100577 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
A wearable sensor for the detection of sodium and potassium in human sweat during exercise
Pirovano, P., Dorrian, M., Shinde, A., Donohoe, A., Brady, A. J., Moyna, N. M., Wallace, G. G., Diamond, D., & McCaul, M. V. (2020) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121145 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Advances in chemical sensing technology for enabling the next-generation self-sustainable integrated wearable system in the IoT era
Wen, F., He, T., Liu, H., Chen, H., Zhang, T., & Lee, C. (2020) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105155 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Wearable Self‐Powered Electrochemical Devices for Continuous Health Management
Parrilla, M., & Wael, K. D. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202107042 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Complete validation of a continuous and blood-correlated sweat biosensing device with integrated sweat stimulation
Hauke, A., Simmers, P., Ojha, Y. R., Cameron, B. D., Ballweg, R., Zhang, T., Twine, N., Brothers, M., Gomez, E., & Heikenfeld, J. (2018) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c8lc01082j · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Natural oxidase-mimicking copper-organic frameworks for targeted identification of ascorbate in sensitive sweat sensing
Wang, Z., Huang, Y., Xu, K., Zhong, Y., He, C., Jiang, L., Sun, J., Rao, Z., Zhu, J., Huang, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35721-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
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Glove-based sensors for multimodal monitoring of natural sweat
Bariya, M., Li, L., Ghattamaneni, R., Ahn, C. H., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Tai, L.-C., & Javey, A. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb8308 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
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Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Monitoring
Zhao, Y., Jin, K., Li, J., Sheng, K., Huang, W., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202305917 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A Review on Recent Trends and Future Developments in Electrochemical Sensing
Singh, R., Gupta, R., Bansal, D., Bhateria, R., & Sharma, M. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c08060 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A wearable, cotton thread/paper-based microfluidic device coupled with smartphone for sweat glucose sensing
Xiao, G., He, J., Chen, X., Qiao, Y., Wang, F., Xia, Q., Yu, L. D., & Lu, Z. (2019) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02396-y · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces
Rao, Z., Ershad, F., Almasri, A., Gonzalez, L., Wu, X., & Yu, C. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202000233 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
A Wearable Nutrition Tracker
Zhao, J., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Hou, L., Lin, Y., Bariya, M., Ahn, C. H., Ji, W., Fan, Z., & Javey, A. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202006444 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
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Fabrication of a Wearable Flexible Sweat pH Sensor Based on SERS-Active Au/TPU Electrospun Nanofibers
Chung, M., Skinner, W. H., Robert, C., Campbell, C. J., Rossi, R. M., Koutsos, V., & Radacsi, N. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c15238 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Recent Progress in Wearable Biosensors: From Healthcare Monitoring to Sports Analytics
Ye, S., Feng, S., Huang, L. J., & Bian, S. (2020) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios10120205 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Sweat sensing in the smart wearables era: Towards integrative, multifunctional and body-compliant perspiration analysis
Legner, C. M., Kalwa, U., Patel, V., Chesmore, A., & Pandey, S. (2019) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.020 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Bioresorbable photonic devices for the spectroscopic characterization of physiological status and neural activity
Bai, W., Shin, J. H., Fu, R., Kandela, I. K., Lu, D., Ni, X., Park, Y., Liu, Z., Hang, T., Wu, D., et al. (2019) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0435-y · Cited by 142 · see citing works
A Wearable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor for Label-Free Molecular Detection
Koh, E. H., Lee, W. C., Choi, Y., Moon, J., Jang, J., Park, S., Choo, J., Kim, D., & Jung, H. S. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c18892 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Noninvasive Sweat-Lactate Biosensor Emplsoying a Hydrogel-Based Touch Pad
Nagamine, K., Mano, T., Nomura, A., Ichimura, Y., Izawa, R., Furusawa, H., Matsui, H., Kumaki, D., & Tokito, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46611-z · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wearable Biosensors for Body Computing
Lin, Y., Bariya, M., & Javey, A. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202008087 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Wearable Sweat Monitoring: A Review
Yeung, K. K., Huang, T., Hua, Y., Zhang, K., Yuen, M. M. F., & Gao, Z. (2021) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3074311 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing
Wang, Z., Shin, J., Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, D., & Liu, H. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202008130 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Noninvasive wearable electroactive pharmaceutical monitoring for personalized therapeutics
Lin, S., Yu, W., Wang, B., Zhao, Y., En, K., Zhu, J., Cheng, X., Zhou, C., Lin, H., Wang, Z., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2009979117 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Microfluidics for flexible electronics
Guo, J., Yu, Y., Cai, L., Wang, Y., Shi, K., Shang, L., Pan, J., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.08.017 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
A thread-based wearable sweat nanobiosensor
Zhao, C., Li, X., Wu, Q., & Liu, X. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113270 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Flexible Sweat Sensors: From Films to Textiles
Luo, D., Sun, H., Li, Q., Niu, X., He, Y., & Liu, H. (2023) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02642 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Multifunctional Glycerol–Water Hydrogel for Biomimetic Human Skin with Resistance Memory Function
Xia, Y., Wu, Y., Tian, Y. P., Xue, S., Guo, M., Li, J., & Li, Z. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b05554 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Natural Perspiration Sampling and in Situ Electrochemical Analysis with Hydrogel Micropatches for User-Identifiable and Wireless Chemo/Biosensing
Lin, S., Wang, B., Zhao, Y., Shih, R., Cheng, X., Yu, W., Hojaiji, H., Lin, H., Hoffman, C., Ly, D., et al. (2020) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01727 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Advancements and future prospects of wearable sensing technology for healthcare applications
Sharma, A., Singh, A., Gupta, V., & Arya, S. K. (2022) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d2sd00005a · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Review—Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Sensing Systems: Materials, Energy Sources, and Integrations
Jeerapan, I., & Poorahong, S. (2020) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab7117 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Recent advances in wearable self-powered energy systems based on flexible energy storage devices integrated with flexible solar cells
Zhao, J., Zha, J., Zeng, Z., & Tan, C. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d1ta02493k · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Wearable Sweat Biosensors Refresh Personalized Health/Medical Diagnostics
Ji, W., Zhu, J., Wu, W., Wang, N., Wang, J., Wu, J., Wu, Q., Wang, X., Yu, C., Wei, G., et al. (2021) · Research · doi:10.34133/2021/9757126 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Facile and Low-Cost Fabrication of a Thread/Paper-Based Wearable System for Simultaneous Detection of Lactate and pH in Human Sweat
Xiao, G., He, J., Qiao, Y., Wang, F., Xia, Q., Wang, X., Yu, L. D., Lu, Z., & Li, C. M. (2020) · Advanced Fiber Materials · doi:10.1007/s42765-020-00046-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Towards wearable and implantable continuous drug monitoring: A review
Bian, S., Zhu, B., Rong, G., & Sawan, M. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.001 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Hydrogel Interferometry for Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Chemical Detection
Sun, M., Bai, R., Yang, X., Song, J., Qin, M., Suo, Z., & He, X. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201804916 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A bioinspired microfluidic wearable sensor for multiday sweat sampling, transport, and metabolic analysis
Shin, S., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Lasalde‐Ramírez, J. A., Kim, G., Won, C., Min, J., Wang, C., Fan, K., Han, H., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw9024 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
A multi-modal sweat sensing patch for cross-verification of sweat rate, total ionic charge, and Na + concentration
Yuan, Z., Hou, L., Bariya, M., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Tai, L., Ji, W., Li, L., & Javey, A. (2019) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c9lc00598f · Cited by 100 · see citing works
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Wearable Sensing Devices for Point of Care Diagnostics
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Authors: Tai, L., Gao, W., Chao, M., Bariya, M., Ngo, Q. P., Shahpar, Z., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Park, H., Sun, J., Jung, Y., Wu, E., Fahad, H. M., Lien, D., Ota, H., Cho, G., & Javey, A.
Affiliations: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Sunchon National University (KR)
Corresponding author: Javey, Ali
ORCID: Tai, Li‐Chia
Gao, Wei
Bariya, Mallika
Ngo, Quynh P.
Nyein, Hnin Y. Y.
Park, Hyejin
Sun, Junfeng
Jung, Younsu
Wu, Eric
Fahad, Hossain M.
Lien, Der‐Hsien
Ota, Hiroki
Cho, Gyoujin
Javey, Ali
Venue: Advanced Materials
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-04-16
Volume: 30
Issue: 23
Pages: e1707442-e1707442
ISSN: 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
1521-4095
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707442
OpenAlex: W2800594651
Cited by: 310
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 13.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
escholarship.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am (am, 365 d)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐AC02‐05CH11231)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (16163KKMFDS001)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
Keywords: methylxanthines, caffeine, sweat sensors, wearable sensors, non-invasive drug monitoring, point-of-care testing, doping control, pharmacokinetics
MeSH terms: Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Sweat, Xanthines, Drug Monitoring

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Methylxanthine Drug Monitoring with Wearable Sweat Sensors

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