Plasticizing Silk Protein for On‐Skin Stretchable Electrodes
Open accessAbstract
Soft and stretchable electronic devices are important in wearable and implantable applications because of the high skin conformability. Due to the natural biocompatibility and biodegradability, silk protein is one of the ideal platforms for wearable electronic devices. However, the realization of skin‐conformable electronic devices based on silk has been limited by the mechanical mismatch with skin, and the difficulty in integrating stretchable electronics. Here, silk protein is used as the substrate for soft and stretchable on‐skin electronics. The original high Young's modulus (5–12 GPa) and low stretchability (<20%) are tuned into 0.1–2 MPa and > 400%, respectively. This plasticization is realized by the addition of CaCl 2 and ambient hydration, whose mechanism is further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, highly stretchable (>100%) electrodes are obtained by the thin‐film metallization and the formation of wrinkled structures after ambient hydration. Finally, the plasticized silk electrodes, with the high electrical performance and skin conformability, achieve on‐skin electrophysiological recording comparable to that by commercial gel electrodes. The proposed skin‐conformable electronics based on biomaterials will pave the way for the harmonized integration of electronics into human.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics
Rogers, J. A., Someya, T., & Huang, Y. Y. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182383 · Cited by 5,071 · see citing works
A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection
Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D. N., & Hata, K. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.36 · Cited by 3,247 · see citing works
Materials fabrication from Bombyx mori silk fibroin
Rockwood, D. N., Preda, R. C., Yücel, T., Wang, X., Lovett, M. L., & Kaplan, D. L. (2011) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2011.379 · Cited by 3,096 · see citing works
Vepari, C., & Kaplan, D. L. (2007) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.013 · Cited by 2,579 · see citing works
An ultra-lightweight design for imperceptible plastic electronics
Kaltenbrunner, M., Sekitani, T., Reeder, J., Yokota, T., Kuribara, K., Tokuhara, T., Drack, M., Schwödiauer, R., Graz, I., Bauer-Gogonea, S., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12314 · Cited by 2,485 · see citing works
Hammock, M. L., Chortos, A., Tee, B. C. ‐., Tok, J. B. ‐., & Bao, Z. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201302240 · Cited by 2,396 · see citing works
Dissolvable films of silk fibroin for ultrathin conformal bio-integrated electronics
Kim, D.-H., Viventi, J., Amsden, J. J., Xiao, J., Vigeland, L., Kim, Y.-S., Blanco, J. A., Panilaitis, B., Frechette, E. S., Contreras, D., et al. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2745 · Cited by 1,721 · see citing works
New Opportunities for an Ancient Material
Omenetto, F. G., & Kaplan, D. L. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188936 · Cited by 1,458 · see citing works
Wang, X., Gu, Y., Xiong, Z., Cui, Z., & Zhang, T. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201304248 · Cited by 1,403 · see citing works
Nanoconfinement controls stiffness, strength and mechanical toughness of β-sheet crystals in silk
Keten, S., Xu, Z., Ihle, B., & Buehler, M. J. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2704 · Cited by 1,394 · see citing works
Silk fibroin biomaterials for tissue regenerations
Kundu, B., Rajkhowa, R., Kundu, S. C., & Wang, X. (2013) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.043 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
A Physically Transient Form of Silicon Electronics
Hwang, S.-W., Tao, H., Kim, D.-H., Cheng, H., Song, J.-K., Rill, E., Brenckle, M. A., Panilaitis, B., Won, S. M., Kim, Y.-S., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1226325 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Structures, mechanical properties and applications of silk fibroin materials
Koh, L.-D., Cheng, Y., Teng, C.-P., Khin, Y.-W., Loh, X.-J., Tee, S.-Y., Low, M., Ye, E., Yu, H.-D., Zhang, Y.-W., et al. (2015) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.02.001 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrathin conformal devices for precise and continuous thermal characterization of human skin
Webb, R. C., Bonifas, A. P., Behnaz, A., Zhang, Y., Yu, K. J., Cheng, H., Shi, M., Bian, Z., Liu, Z., Kim, Y.-S., et al. (2013) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3755 · Cited by 1,229 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammation-free, gas-permeable, lightweight, stretchable on-skin electronics with nanomeshes
Miyamoto, A., Lee, S., Cooray, N. F., Lee, S., Mori, M., Matsuhisa, N., Jin, H., Yoda, L., Yokota, T., Itoh, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.125 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Bio‐Electronic Devices Integrated with Nanomaterials
Choi, S., Lee, H., Ghaffari, R., Hyeon, T., & Kim, D. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504150 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures
Yuk, H., Zhang, T., Parada, G. A., Liu, X., & Zhao, X. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12028 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Surprising strength of silkworm silk
Shao, Z., & Vollrath, F. W. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/418741a · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
High-performance green flexible electronics based on biodegradable cellulose nanofibril paper
Jung, Y. H., Chang, T., Zhang, H., Yao, C. J., Zheng, Q., Yang, V. W., Mi, H., Kim, M., Cho, S. J., Park, D., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8170 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Self-citationStretchable gold conductors on elastomeric substrates
Périchon, S., Wagner, S., Huang, Z., & Suo, Z. (2003) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1565683 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Materials and Optimized Designs for Human‐Machine Interfaces Via Epidermal Electronics
Jeong, J., Yeo, W., Akhtar, A., Norton, J. J. S., Kwack, Y., Li, S., Jung, S., Su, Y., Lee, W., Xia, J., et al. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201301921 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices
Liu, Y., He, K., Chen, G., Leow, W. R., & Chen, X. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00291 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationSilk fibroin: Structural implications of a remarkable amino acid sequence
Zhou, C., Confalonieri, F., Jacquet, M., Perasso, R., Li, Z., & Janin, J. (2001) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.1078 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Stretchable Electronics: Materials Strategies and Devices
Kim, D., & Rogers, J. A. (2008) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200801788 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Silk Fibroin for Flexible Electronic Devices
Zhu, B., Wang, H., Leow, W. R., Cai, Y., Loh, X. J., Han, M., & Chen, X. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504276 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Self-citationAriga, K., Li, J., Fei, J., Ji, Q., & Hill, J. P. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201502545 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Morris, E. R., Rees, D. A., Thom, D., & Boyd, J. W. (1978) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83247-4 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Green and biodegradable electronics
Irimia‐Vladu, M., Głowacki, E. D., Voß, G., Bauer, S., & Sariçiftçi, N. S. (2012) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(12)70139-6 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Materials for stretchable electronics
Wagner, S., & Bauer, S. (2012) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2012.37 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Highly Tunable Elastomeric Silk Biomaterials
Partlow, B. P., Hanna, C. W., Rnjak‐Kovacina, J., Moreau, J. E., Applegate, M. B., Burke, K. A., Marelli, B., Mitropoulos, A. N., Omenetto, F. G., & Kaplan, D. L. (2014) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201400526 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Norton, J. J. S., Lee, D. S., Lee, J., Lee, W., Kwon, O., Won, P., Jung, S.-Y., Cheng, H., Jeong, J., Akce, A., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424875112 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationEnergetics of hydrogen bonds in peptides
Sheu, S., Yang, D., Selzle, H. L., & Schlag, E. W. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2133366100 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Biocompatible Silk Printed Optical Waveguides
Parker, S. T., Domachuk, P., Amsden, J. J., Bressner, J. E., Lewis, J. A., Kaplan, D. L., & Omenetto, F. G. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200801580 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Mechanics of Biological Tissue
Holzapfel, G. A., & Ogden, R. W. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-31184-x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Stretchability of thin metal films on elastomer substrates
Li, T., Huang, Z., Suo, Z., Lacour, S. P., & Wagner, S. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1806275 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Bioactive Silk Protein Biomaterial Systems for Optical Devices
Lawrence, B. D., Cronin‐Golomb, M., Georgakoudi, I., Kaplan, D. L., & Omenetto, F. G. (2008) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm701235f · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Advances in Biomimetic and Nanostructured Biohybrid Materials
Ruiz‐Hitzky, E., Darder, M., Aranda, P., & Ariga, K. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200901134 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Chitin Nanofiber Transparent Paper for Flexible Green Electronics
Jin, J., Lee, D., Im, H., Han, Y. C., Jeong, E. G., Rolandi, M., Choi, K. C., & Bae, B. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201600336 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Flexible Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Silk Fibroin as the Gate Dielectric
Wang, C., Hsieh, C., & Hwang, J.-C. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201004071 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Skin‐Inspired Haptic Memory Arrays with an Electrically Reconfigurable Architecture
Zhu, B., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Qi, D., Liu, Z., Wang, H., Yu, J., Sherburne, M., Wang, Z., & Chen, X. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201504754 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, H., Du, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, B., Leow, W. R., Li, Y., Pan, J., Wu, T., & Chen, X. (2015) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201501389 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationFossey, S. A., Némethy, G., Gibson, K. D., & Scheraga, H. A. (1991) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.360311309 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
On the strength of β-sheet crystallites of Bombyx mori silk fibroin
Cheng, Y., Koh, L., Li, D., Ji, B., Han, M., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0305 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationMoisture‐Responsive Wrinkling Surfaces with Tunable Dynamics
Zeng, S., Li, R., Freire, S. G., Garbellotto, V. M. M., Huang, E. Y., Smith, A. T., Hu, C., Tait, W. R. T., Bian, Z., Zheng, G., et al. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201700828 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Physically Transient Resistive Switching Memory Based on Silk Protein
Wang, H., Zhu, B., Ma, X., Hao, Y., & Chen, X. (2016) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201502906 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, F., You, X., Dou, H., Liu, Z., Zuo, B., & Zhang, X. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am508319h · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationResistive Switching Memory Devices Based on Proteins
Wang, H., Meng, F., Zhu, B., Leow, W. R., Liu, Y., & Chen, X. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201405728 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, X. (2017) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.201600029 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting the mechanical properties of spider silk as a model nanostructured polymer
Porter, D., Vollrath, F. W., & Shao, Z. (2005) · The European Physical Journal E · doi:10.1140/epje/e2005-00021-2 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Carbon nanotubes on a spider silk scaffold
Steven, E., Saleh, W. R., Lebedev, V. S., Acquah, S. F. A., Laukhin, V. N., Alamo, R. G., & Brooks, J. S. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3435 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Programmable Nano–Bio Interfaces for Functional Biointegrated Devices
Cai, P., Leow, W. R., Wang, X., Wu, Y., & Chen, X. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201605529 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationProcessing Techniques and Applications of Silk Hydrogels in Bioengineering
Floren, M. L., Migliaresi, C., & Motta, A. (2016) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb7030026 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Mechanical Response of Silk Crystalline Units from Force-Distribution Analysis
Xiao, S., Stacklies, W., Çetinkaya, M., Markert, B. A., & Gräter, F. (2009) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.052 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Printing of stretchable silk membranes for strain measurements
Ling, S., Zhang, Q., Kaplan, D. L., Omenetto, F. G., Buehler, M. J., & Zhao Qin, A. (2016) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c6lc00519e · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings
Leleux, P., Johnson, C. L., Strakosas, X., Rivnay, J., Hervé, T., Owens, R. M., & Malliaras, G. G. (2014) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201300614 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Moisture Effects on Antheraea pernyi Silk’s Mechanical Property
Fu, C., Porter, D., & Shao, Z. (2009) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma901321k · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sengottaiyan, C., Jayavel, R., Bairi, P., Shrestha, R. G., Ariga, K., & Shrestha, L. K. (2017) · Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · doi:10.1246/bcsj.20170092 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Nanomechanics of silk: the fundamentals of a strong, tough and versatile material
Su, I., & Buehler, M. J. (2016) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/27/30/302001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Elastic substrates for stretchable devices
Qi, D., Liu, Z., Leow, W. R., & Chen, X. (2017) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2017.7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, C., Li, D., Cheng, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, Y., & Ji, B. (2015) · Acta Mechanica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s10409-015-0404-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, F., Yu, H., Gu, Z., Si, L., Liu, Q., & Hu, X. (2017) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6388-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Size-dependent rupture strain of elastically stretchable metal conductors
Graudejus, O., Jia, Z., Li, T., & Wagner, S. (2012) · Scripta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.02.034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Silk protein as a new optically transparent adhesion layer for an ultra-smooth sub-10 nm gold layer
Min, K., Umar, M., Ryu, S., Lee, S., & Kim, S. (2017) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aa5aaa · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gregor‐Svetec, D. (2000) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000307)75:10 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
Luo, Y., Abidian, M. R., Ahn, J., Akinwande, D., Andrews, A. M., Antonietti, M., Bao, Z., Magnus Berggren, A., Berkey, C. A., Bettinger, C. J., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Self-citationLim, H., Kim, H. S., Qazi, R., Kwon, Y., Jeong, J., & Yeo, W. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201901924 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Highly Stretchable, Elastic, and Ionic Conductive Hydrogel for Artificial Soft Electronics
Zhou, Y., Wan, C., Yang, Y., Yang, H., Wang, S., Dai, Z., Ji, K., Jiang, H., Chen, X., & Long, Y. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201806220 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Self-citationMaterials and structural designs of stretchable conductors
Matsuhisa, N., Chen, X., Bao, Z., & Someya, T. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00814k · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Self-citationDisruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors
Ling, Y., An, T., Yap, L. W., Zhu, B., Gong, S. P., & Cheng, W. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201904664 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Self-citationMaterial‐Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electronics
Kim, D. C., Shim, H. J., Lee, W., Koo, J. H., & Kim, D. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902743 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Natural Biopolymer-Based Biocompatible Conductors for Stretchable Bioelectronics
Wang, C., Yokota, T., & Someya, T. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00897 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Hegde, C., Su, J., Tan, J. M. R., He, K., Chen, X., & Magdassi, S. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c04089 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, H., Yang, G., Zhu, K., Liu, S., Guo, W., Jiang, Z., & Li, Z. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202001938 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Silk-Based Advanced Materials for Soft Electronics
Wang, C., Xia, K., Zhang, Y., & Kaplan, D. L. (2019) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00333 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Strategies to achieve high performance piezoelectric nanogenerators
Hu, D., Yao, M., Fan, Y., Ma, C., Fan, M., & Liu, M. (2018) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.053 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Zhang, Y., Qiu, Y., Wu, H., Qin, W., Liao, Y., Yu, Q., & Cheng, H. (2020) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112569 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Functional Conductive Hydrogels for Bioelectronics
Fu, F., Wang, J., Zeng, H., & Yu, J. (2020) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00309 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Strain-insensitive intrinsically stretchable transistors and circuits
Wang, W., Wang, S., Rastak, R., Ochiai, Y., Niu, S., Jiang, Y., Arunachala, P. K., Zheng, Y. Q., Xu, J., Matsuhisa, N., et al. (2021) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-020-00525-1 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf‐Healable Multifunctional Electronic Tattoos Based on Silk and Graphene
Wang, Q., Ling, S., Liang, X., Wang, H., Lü, H., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201808695 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Wan, C., Cai, P., Wang, M., Qian, Y., Huang, W., & Chen, X. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902434 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationSize-dependent phononic thermal transport in low-dimensional nanomaterials
Zhang, Z., Ouyang, Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, J., Li, N., & Zhang, G. (2020) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2020.03.001 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationBiodegradable Materials for Sustainable Health Monitoring Devices
Hosseini, E. S., Dervin, S., Ganguly, P., & Dahiya, R. (2020) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01139 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Sui, X., Guo, H., Chen, P., Zhu, Y., Wen, C., Gao, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201907986 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Moisture Sensitive Smart Yarns and Textiles from Self‐Balanced Silk Fiber Muscles
Jia, T., Wang, Y., Dou, Y., Li, Y., de Andrade, M. J., Wang, R., Fang, S., Li, J., Zhou, Y., Qiao, R., et al. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201808241 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citationQian, C., Li, L., Gao, M., Yang, H., Cai, Z., Chen, B., Xiang, Z., Zhang, Z., & Song, Y. (2019) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103885 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Recent progress in silk fibroin-based flexible electronics
Wen, D.-L., Sun, D.-H., Huang, P., Huang, W., Su, M., Wang, Y., Han, M., Kim, B., Brügger, J., Zhang, H., et al. (2021) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-021-00261-2 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Materials, Structures, and Functions for Flexible and Stretchable Biomimetic Sensors
Li, T., Li, Y., & Zhang, T. (2019) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00497 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Zhang, J.-H., Li, Z., Xu, J., Li, J., Yan, K., Cheng, W., Xin, M., Zhu, T., Du, J., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33454-y · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Water‐Resistant Conformal Hybrid Electrodes for Aquatic Endurable Electrocardiographic Monitoring
Ji, S., Wan, C., Wang, T., Li, Q., Chen, G., Wang, J., Liu, Z., Yang, H., Liu, X., & Chen, X. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202001496 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationFlexible inorganic bioelectronics
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Liang, Z., Cao, Y. K., Han, Z., & Feng, X. (2020) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-020-0065-1 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Sun, B., Ling, Y., Fei, Q., Chen, Z., Li, X., Guo, P., Jeon, N., Goswami, S., Liao, Y., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1917762116 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Calcium‐Modified Silk as a Biocompatible and Strong Adhesive for Epidermal Electronics
Seo, J., Kim, H., Kim, K.-H., Choi, S. Q., & Lee, H. J. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201800802 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Softening gold for elastronics
Zhu, B., Gong, S. P., & Cheng, W. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00609a · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanically Interlocked Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrids for On‐Skin Electronics
Pan, S., Zhang, F., Cai, P., Wang, M., He, K., Luo, Y., Li, Z., Chen, G., Ji, S., Liu, Z., et al. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201909540 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationMaterial platforms for defect qubits and single-photon emitters
Zhang, G., Cheng, Y., Chou, J., & Gali, Á. (2020) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0006075 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, N., Qi, P., Ren, J., Yu, H., Liu, S., Li, J., Chen, W., Kaplan, D. L., & Ling, S. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b06920 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Zhu, B., Ling, Y., Yap, L. W., Yang, M., Lin, F., Gong, S. P., Wang, Y., An, T., Zhao, Y., & Cheng, W. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b06260 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationHou, C., Xu, Z., Qiu, W., Wu, R., Wang, Y., Xu, Q., Liu, X., & Guo, W. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201805084 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Yang, H., Ji, S., Chaturvedi, I., Xia, H., Wang, T., Chen, G., Pan, L., Wan, C., Qi, D., Ong, Y.-S., et al. (2020) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00085 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationA chemically mediated artificial neuron
Wang, T., Wang, M., Wang, J., Yang, L., Ren, X., Song, G., Chen, S., Yuan, Y., Liu, R., Pan, L., et al. (2022) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-022-00803-0 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological Material Interfaces as Inspiration for Mechanical and Optical Material Designs
Ren, J., Wang, Y., Yao, Y., Wang, Y., Fei, X., Qi, P., Lin, S., Kaplan, D. L., Buehler, M. J., & Ling, S. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00416 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Honeycomb‐Lantern‐Inspired 3D Stretchable Supercapacitors with Enhanced Specific Areal Capacitance
Lv, Z., Tang, Y., Zhu, Z., Wei, J., Li, W., Xia, H., Jiang, Y., Liu, Z., Luo, Y., Ge, X., et al. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201805468 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationCustom-Made Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Lv, Z., Li, W., Yang, L., Loh, X. J., & Chen, X. (2019) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02408 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies for Designing Stretchable Strain Sensors and Conductors
Wu, S., Peng, S., Yu, Y., & Wang, C. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.201900908 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Yang, Z., Jiang, J., Shi, Z., Mao, Y. Q., Qin, N., & Tao, T. H. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202106606 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A Compliant Ionic Adhesive Electrode with Ultralow Bioelectronic Impedance
Pan, L., Cai, P., Mei, L., Cheng, Y., Zeng, Y., Wang, M., Wang, T., Jiang, Y., Ji, B., Li, D., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202003723 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Q., Chen, G., Cui, Y., Ji, S., Liu, Z., Wan, C., Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, N., et al. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c01431 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in flexible sensors for intelligent perception system enhanced by artificial intelligence
Niu, H., Yin, F., Kim, E., Wang, W., Yoon, D., Wang, C., Liang, J., Li, Y., & Kim, N. (2023) · InfoMat · doi:10.1002/inf2.12412 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., Nayeem, M. O. G., Fukuda, K., Ding, S., Jin, H., Yokota, T., Inoue, D., Hashizume, D., & Someya, T. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201903446 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Advances and challenges in conductive hydrogels: From properties to applications
Zhou, C., Wu, T., Xie, X., Song, G., Ma, X., Mu, Q., Huang, Z., Liu, X., Sun, C., & Xu, W. (2022) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111454 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Stretchable and Heat‐Resistant Protein‐Based Electronic Skin for Human Thermoregulation
Huang, J., Xu, Z., Qiu, W., Chen, F., Meng, Z., Hou, C., Guo, W., & Liu, X. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201910547 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Duan, S., Shi, Q., Hong, J., Zhu, D., Lin, Y., Li, Y., Lei, W., Lee, C., & Wu, J. L. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c09851 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Standing Enokitake-like Nanowire Films for Highly Stretchable Elastronics
Wang, Y., Gong, S. P., Wang, S. J., Yang, X., Ling, Y., Yap, L. W., Dong, D., Simon, G. P., & Cheng, W. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b05019 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, W., Li, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, T., Zhang, R., Cao, J., Luo, M., Li, N., Zhang, N., Gong, H., et al. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c19740 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Tao, J., Dong, M., Li, L., Wang, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., Bao, R., & Pan, C. (2020) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-020-0171-1 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Niu, W., Tian, Q., Liu, Z., & Liu, X. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202304157 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent advances in flexible noninvasive electrodes for surface electromyography acquisition
Cheng, L. P., Li, J., Guo, A., & Zhang, J. (2023) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-023-00273-0 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Tran, H. A., Hoang, T. T., Maraldo, A., Do, T. N., Kaplan, D. L., Lim, K. S., & Rnjak‐Kovacina, J. (2023) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2023.03.027 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Thermal and Moisture Managing E‐Textiles Enabled by Janus Hierarchical Gradient Honeycombs
Zhang, Y., Fu, J., Ding, Y., Babar, A. A., Song, X., Chen, F., Yu, X., & Zheng, Z. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202311633 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Zhang, R., Xu, R., Li, Y., Tian, W., Gao, M., Wang, M., Li, D., Liang, X. H., Xie, L., et al. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202111406 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Superelastic, Hygroscopic, and Ionic Conducting Cellulose Nanofibril Monoliths by 3D Printing
Chen, Y., Yu, Z., Ye, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, G., & Jiang, F. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c10577 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Skin-Friendly Electronics for Acquiring Human Physiological Signatures
Zhang, Y., & Tao, T. H. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201905767 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Natural Polymer in Soft Electronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Gao, D., Lv, J., & Lee, P. S. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202105020 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Liquid metal-tailored gluten network for protein-based e-skin
Chen, B., Cao, Y., Li, Q., Yan, Z., Liu, R., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, M., Qin, Y., Sun, C., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28901-9 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin
Li, H., Tan, P., Rao, Y., Bhattacharya, S., Wang, Z., Kim, S., Gangopadhyay, S., Shi, H., Jankovic, M., Huh, H., et al. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00626 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Luo, J., Yang, J., Zheng, X., Ke, X., Chen, Y., Tan, H. S., & Li, J. (2020) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201901423 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Bioinspired, Microstructured Silk Fibroin Adhesives for Flexible Skin Sensors
Liu, X., Liu, J., Wang, J., Wang, T., Jiang, Y., Hu, J., Liu, Z., Chen, X., & Yu, J. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b21197 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationBuckled Structures: Fabrication and Applications in Wearable Electronics
Hu, X., Dou, Y., Li, J., & Liu, Z. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201804805 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, K., Liu, Z., Wan, C., Jiang, Y., Wang, T., Wang, M., Zhang, F., Liu, Y., Pan, L., Meng, X., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202001130 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, X., Zou, S., Fan, S., Niu, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100381 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A Morphable Ionic Electrode Based on Thermogel for Non‐Invasive Hairy Plant Electrophysiology
Luo, Y., Li, W., Lin, Q., Zhang, F., He, K., Yang, D., Loh, X. J., & Chen, X. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202007848 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh‐Transconductance Stretchable Transistors Achieved by Controlled Gold Microcrack Morphology
Matsuhisa, N., Jiang, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, G., Wan, C., Kim, Y., Kang, J., Tran, H., Wu, H., You, I., et al. (2019) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.201900347 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, M., Wang, Z., Li, K., Wang, X., & Wei, L. (2021) · Advanced Fiber Materials · doi:10.1007/s42765-020-00057-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Hwang, H., Kong, M., Kim, K.-H., Park, D., Lee, S., Park, S., Song, H.-J., & Jeong, U. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh0171 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Cui, Y., Zhang, F., Chen, G., Yao, L., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Zhang, F., Cui, Z., Zhang, K., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202100221 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationNiu, Q., Wei, H., Hsiao, B. S., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107101 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interface Design for Stretchable Electronic Devices
Kim, D. W., Kong, M., & Jeong, U. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202004170 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Ullah, H., Wahab, M. A., Will, G. D., Karim, M. R., Pan, T., Gao, M., Lai, D., Lin, Y., & Miraz, M. H. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12080630 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Natural Biopolymers for Flexible Sensing and Energy Devices
Jian, M., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/s10118-020-2379-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationStrain‐Driven Auto‐Detachable Patterning of Flexible Electrodes
Lv, Z., Wang, C., Wan, C., Wang, R., Dai, X., Wei, J., Xia, H., Li, W., Zhang, W., Cao, S., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202202877 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrated intelligent tactile system for a humanoid robot
Bao, R., Tao, J., Zhao, J., Dong, M., Li, J., & Pan, C. (2023) · 中国科学通报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2023.04.019 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Shi, C., Hu, F., Wu, R., Xu, Z., Shao, G., Yu, R., & Liu, X. Y. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202005910 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Liu, L., Li, H. Y., Fan, Y. J., Chen, Y. H., Kuang, S., Li, Z. B., Wang, Z. L., & Zhu, G. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201900755 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ding, L., Chen, H., Yang, S., Qi, J., Dong, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, H., & Jiang, X. (2022) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01270 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gong, H. R., Xu, Z., Yang, Y., Xu, Q., Li, X., Cheng, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, F., Zhao, J., Li, S., et al. (2020) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112567 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Zhu, C., Chen, G., Li, S., Yang, H., Zheng, J., Wang, D., Yang, H., Wong, L. W. ‐., & Fu, J. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202411725 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationOsteointegration of 3D-Printed Fully Porous Polyetheretherketone Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes
Feng, X., Ma, L., Liang, H., Liu, X., Lei, J., Li, W., Wang, K., Song, Y., Wang, B., Li, G., et al. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03489 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Engineering silk materials: From natural spinning to artificial processing
Guo, C., Li, C., Mu, X., & Kaplan, D. L. (2020) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.5091442 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Engineering two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for wearable biomedical sensors and power devices
Cao, X., Halder, A., Tang, Y., Hou, C., Wang, H., Duus, J. Ø., & Chi, Q. (2018) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c8qm00356d · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Zhai, C., Li, T., Shi, H., & Yeo, J. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d0tb00896f · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Qiu, W., Fan, X., Shi, Y., Gong, H. R., Huang, J., Patil, A. B., Li, X., Wang, S., Lin, H., et al. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c05257 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Silk materials at the convergence of science, sustainability, healthcare, and technology
Guidetti, G., d’Amone, L., Kim, T., Matzeu, G., Mogas‐Soldevila, L., Napier, B. S., Ostrovsky-Snider, N. A., Roshko, J., Ruggeri, E., & Omenetto, F. G. (2022) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0060344 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Qiu, Y., Ma, L., Qiu, W., Yu, R., Wei-dong, Y., & Liu, X. Y. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202100150 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Cai, P., Wan, C., Pan, L., Matsuhisa, N., He, K., Cui, Z., Zhang, W., Li, C., Wang, J., Yu, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15990-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, L., Liang, J., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Sun, L., Chen, S., Xuan, H., Lei, D., Guan, Q., Ye, X., et al. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa154 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrathin, Stretchable, and Breathable Epidermal Electronics Based on a Facile Bubble Blowing Method
Yang, X., Li, L., Wang, S., Lu, Q., Bai, Y., Sun, F., Li, T., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., et al. (2020) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202000306 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Materials and Structural Designs toward Motion Artifact-Free Bioelectronics
Park, B., Jeong, C., Ok, J., & Kim, T. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00374 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Conductive Silk‐Based Composites Using Biobased Carbon Materials
Barreiro, D. L., Martín‐Moldes, Z., Yeo, J., Shen, S. C.-Y., Hawker, M. J., Martín‐Martínez, F. J., Kaplan, D. L., & Buehler, M. J. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201904720 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Intelligent Silk Fibroin Ionotronic Skin for Temperature Sensing
Liu, J., Chen, Q., Liu, Q., Zhao, B., Ling, S., Yao, J., Shao, Z., & Chen, X. (2020) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202000430 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationSong, P., Wang, G., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2021.112659 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Sun, J., Sun, Y., Oh, J. A. S., Gu, Q., Zheng, W., Goh, M., Zeng, K., Cheng, Y., & Lü, L. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2021.04.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationAn, M., Demir, B., Wan, X., Meng, H., Yang, N., & Walsh, T. R. (2019) · Advanced Theory and Simulations · doi:10.1002/adts.201800153 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Silk-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Glucose in Sweat
Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Gu, K., Yao, J., Shao, Z., & Chen, X. (2022) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00753 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationMin, H., Baik, S., Kim, J.-H., Lee, J., Bok, B., Song, J. H., Kim, M., & Pang, C. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202107285 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, G., Matsuhisa, N., Liu, Z., Qi, D., Cai, P., Jiang, Y., Wan, C., Cui, Y., Leow, W. R., Liu, Z., Gong, S., Zhang, K., Cheng, Y., & Chen, X.
- Affiliations
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Procter and Gamble Singapore Innovation Center 70 Biopolis Street 138547 Singapore
- Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Yuan
- Chen, Xiaodong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-30
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- e1800129-e1800129
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2795210588
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 14
- FWCI
- 15.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2016NRF‐NRF1001‐21)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE2014‐T2‐2‐140, MOE2015‐T2‐2‐60)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- silk proteins, plasticization, stretchable electronics, wearable electronics, calcium chloride, Young's modulus, thin film metallization, electrophysiological recording, biomaterial substrates
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Electrodes, Humans, Skin, Silk, Elastic Modulus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review